Increased Presence of Circulating Cell-Free, Fragmented, Host DNA in Pigs Infected with Virulent African Swine Fever Virus
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes severe hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boar, often with high case fatality rates. The virus replicates in the circulating cells of the monocyte–macrophage lineage and within lymphoid tissues. The infection leads to high fever and a variety of cli...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/2133 |
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| author | Ann Sofie Olesen Louise Lohse Camille Melissa Johnston Thomas Bruun Rasmussen Anette Bøtner Graham J. Belsham |
| author_facet | Ann Sofie Olesen Louise Lohse Camille Melissa Johnston Thomas Bruun Rasmussen Anette Bøtner Graham J. Belsham |
| author_sort | Ann Sofie Olesen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes severe hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boar, often with high case fatality rates. The virus replicates in the circulating cells of the monocyte–macrophage lineage and within lymphoid tissues. The infection leads to high fever and a variety of clinical signs. In this study, it was observed that ASFV infection in pigs resulted in a >1000-fold increase in the level of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), derived from the nuclei of host cells in the serum. This change occurred in parallel with the increase in circulating ASFV DNA. In addition, elevated levels (about 30-fold higher) of host mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were detected in the serum from ASFV-infected pigs. For comparison, the release of the cellular enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a commonly used marker of cellular damage, was also found to be elevated during ASFV infection, but later and less consistently. The sera from pigs infected with classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which causes a clinically similar disease to ASFV, were also tested but, surprisingly, this infection did not result in the release of cfDNA, mtDNA, or LDH. It was concluded that the level of cfDNA in the serum is a sensitive host marker of virulent ASFV infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:49:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f589fd0d5d0a478b9dea14f88cd4e4ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:49:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-f589fd0d5d0a478b9dea14f88cd4e4ab2023-11-19T18:28:50ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-10-011510213310.3390/v15102133Increased Presence of Circulating Cell-Free, Fragmented, Host DNA in Pigs Infected with Virulent African Swine Fever VirusAnn Sofie Olesen0Louise Lohse1Camille Melissa Johnston2Thomas Bruun Rasmussen3Anette Bøtner4Graham J. Belsham5Section for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, DenmarkSection for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, DenmarkSection for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, DenmarkSection for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, DenmarkSection for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, DenmarkSection for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, DenmarkAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) causes severe hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boar, often with high case fatality rates. The virus replicates in the circulating cells of the monocyte–macrophage lineage and within lymphoid tissues. The infection leads to high fever and a variety of clinical signs. In this study, it was observed that ASFV infection in pigs resulted in a >1000-fold increase in the level of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), derived from the nuclei of host cells in the serum. This change occurred in parallel with the increase in circulating ASFV DNA. In addition, elevated levels (about 30-fold higher) of host mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were detected in the serum from ASFV-infected pigs. For comparison, the release of the cellular enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a commonly used marker of cellular damage, was also found to be elevated during ASFV infection, but later and less consistently. The sera from pigs infected with classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which causes a clinically similar disease to ASFV, were also tested but, surprisingly, this infection did not result in the release of cfDNA, mtDNA, or LDH. It was concluded that the level of cfDNA in the serum is a sensitive host marker of virulent ASFV infection.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/2133African swine fever viruscell-free DNAapoptosismitochondrial DNAbiomarker |
| spellingShingle | Ann Sofie Olesen Louise Lohse Camille Melissa Johnston Thomas Bruun Rasmussen Anette Bøtner Graham J. Belsham Increased Presence of Circulating Cell-Free, Fragmented, Host DNA in Pigs Infected with Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Viruses African swine fever virus cell-free DNA apoptosis mitochondrial DNA biomarker |
| title | Increased Presence of Circulating Cell-Free, Fragmented, Host DNA in Pigs Infected with Virulent African Swine Fever Virus |
| title_full | Increased Presence of Circulating Cell-Free, Fragmented, Host DNA in Pigs Infected with Virulent African Swine Fever Virus |
| title_fullStr | Increased Presence of Circulating Cell-Free, Fragmented, Host DNA in Pigs Infected with Virulent African Swine Fever Virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increased Presence of Circulating Cell-Free, Fragmented, Host DNA in Pigs Infected with Virulent African Swine Fever Virus |
| title_short | Increased Presence of Circulating Cell-Free, Fragmented, Host DNA in Pigs Infected with Virulent African Swine Fever Virus |
| title_sort | increased presence of circulating cell free fragmented host dna in pigs infected with virulent african swine fever virus |
| topic | African swine fever virus cell-free DNA apoptosis mitochondrial DNA biomarker |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/2133 |
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