Changes in Beneficial <i>C</i>-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions
The spectral quality and intensity of light, photoperiodism, and other environmental factors have profound impacts on the metabolic composition of light-dependent higher plants. Hence, we investigate the effects of fluorescent light (96 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>) and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/11/1502 |
| _version_ | 1797548716578570240 |
|---|---|
| author | Muthusamy Muthusamy Jong Hee Kim Suk Hee Kim Joo Yeol Kim Jeong Wook Heo HanGyeol Lee Kwang-Sik Lee Woo Duck Seo Soyoung Park Jin A Kim Soo In Lee |
| author_facet | Muthusamy Muthusamy Jong Hee Kim Suk Hee Kim Joo Yeol Kim Jeong Wook Heo HanGyeol Lee Kwang-Sik Lee Woo Duck Seo Soyoung Park Jin A Kim Soo In Lee |
| author_sort | Muthusamy Muthusamy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The spectral quality and intensity of light, photoperiodism, and other environmental factors have profound impacts on the metabolic composition of light-dependent higher plants. Hence, we investigate the effects of fluorescent light (96 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>) and white (100 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>), blue (100 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>), and red (93 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>) light-emitting diode (LED) light irradiation on the <i>C</i>-glycosylflavone and policosanol contents in young seedlings of wheat and barley. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analyses of <i>C</i>-glycosylflavone contents in barley reveal that the saponarin content is significantly enhanced under blue LED light irradiation. Under similar conditions, isoorientin and isoschaftoside contents are improved in wheat seedlings. The contents of these <i>C</i>-glycosylflavones differed along with the light quality and growth period. The highest accumulation was observed in sprouts after three days under blue LED light irradiation. GC/MS analyses of policosanol contents showed that 1-hexacosanol (C26:o–OH) in barley and 1-octacosanol (C28:o–OH) in wheat seedlings were reduced under LED light irradiation, compared to seedlings under fluorescent light conditions. Nonetheless, the policosanol contents gradually improved with the extension of growth times and treatments, irrespective of the light quality. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the expression pattern of biosynthesis-related genes and the respective metabolite content in barley. This study demonstrates that blue LED light irradiation is useful in maximizing the <i>C</i>-glycosylflavone content in barley and wheat sprouts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:03:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5901f3abb8d49c5b536e0e5ae44dd9c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:03:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5901f3abb8d49c5b536e0e5ae44dd9c2023-11-20T20:01:19ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-11-01911150210.3390/plants9111502Changes in Beneficial <i>C</i>-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light ConditionsMuthusamy Muthusamy0Jong Hee Kim1Suk Hee Kim2Joo Yeol Kim3Jeong Wook Heo4HanGyeol Lee5Kwang-Sik Lee6Woo Duck Seo7Soyoung Park8Jin A Kim9Soo In Lee10Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, KoreaDivision of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Wanju 55365, KoreaDivision of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Wanju 55365, KoreaDivision of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Wanju 55365, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, KoreaThe spectral quality and intensity of light, photoperiodism, and other environmental factors have profound impacts on the metabolic composition of light-dependent higher plants. Hence, we investigate the effects of fluorescent light (96 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>) and white (100 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>), blue (100 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>), and red (93 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>) light-emitting diode (LED) light irradiation on the <i>C</i>-glycosylflavone and policosanol contents in young seedlings of wheat and barley. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analyses of <i>C</i>-glycosylflavone contents in barley reveal that the saponarin content is significantly enhanced under blue LED light irradiation. Under similar conditions, isoorientin and isoschaftoside contents are improved in wheat seedlings. The contents of these <i>C</i>-glycosylflavones differed along with the light quality and growth period. The highest accumulation was observed in sprouts after three days under blue LED light irradiation. GC/MS analyses of policosanol contents showed that 1-hexacosanol (C26:o–OH) in barley and 1-octacosanol (C28:o–OH) in wheat seedlings were reduced under LED light irradiation, compared to seedlings under fluorescent light conditions. Nonetheless, the policosanol contents gradually improved with the extension of growth times and treatments, irrespective of the light quality. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the expression pattern of biosynthesis-related genes and the respective metabolite content in barley. This study demonstrates that blue LED light irradiation is useful in maximizing the <i>C</i>-glycosylflavone content in barley and wheat sprouts.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/11/1502saponarinisoorientinhexacosanoloctacosanolfatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase (FAR) |
| spellingShingle | Muthusamy Muthusamy Jong Hee Kim Suk Hee Kim Joo Yeol Kim Jeong Wook Heo HanGyeol Lee Kwang-Sik Lee Woo Duck Seo Soyoung Park Jin A Kim Soo In Lee Changes in Beneficial <i>C</i>-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions Plants saponarin isoorientin hexacosanol octacosanol fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase (FAR) |
| title | Changes in Beneficial <i>C</i>-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions |
| title_full | Changes in Beneficial <i>C</i>-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Beneficial <i>C</i>-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Beneficial <i>C</i>-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions |
| title_short | Changes in Beneficial <i>C</i>-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions |
| title_sort | changes in beneficial i c i glycosylflavones and policosanol content in wheat and barley sprouts subjected to differential led light conditions |
| topic | saponarin isoorientin hexacosanol octacosanol fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase (FAR) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/11/1502 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT muthusamymuthusamy changesinbeneficialiciglycosylflavonesandpolicosanolcontentinwheatandbarleysproutssubjectedtodifferentialledlightconditions AT jongheekim changesinbeneficialiciglycosylflavonesandpolicosanolcontentinwheatandbarleysproutssubjectedtodifferentialledlightconditions AT sukheekim changesinbeneficialiciglycosylflavonesandpolicosanolcontentinwheatandbarleysproutssubjectedtodifferentialledlightconditions AT jooyeolkim changesinbeneficialiciglycosylflavonesandpolicosanolcontentinwheatandbarleysproutssubjectedtodifferentialledlightconditions AT jeongwookheo changesinbeneficialiciglycosylflavonesandpolicosanolcontentinwheatandbarleysproutssubjectedtodifferentialledlightconditions AT hangyeollee changesinbeneficialiciglycosylflavonesandpolicosanolcontentinwheatandbarleysproutssubjectedtodifferentialledlightconditions AT kwangsiklee changesinbeneficialiciglycosylflavonesandpolicosanolcontentinwheatandbarleysproutssubjectedtodifferentialledlightconditions AT wooduckseo changesinbeneficialiciglycosylflavonesandpolicosanolcontentinwheatandbarleysproutssubjectedtodifferentialledlightconditions AT soyoungpark changesinbeneficialiciglycosylflavonesandpolicosanolcontentinwheatandbarleysproutssubjectedtodifferentialledlightconditions AT jinakim changesinbeneficialiciglycosylflavonesandpolicosanolcontentinwheatandbarleysproutssubjectedtodifferentialledlightconditions AT sooinlee changesinbeneficialiciglycosylflavonesandpolicosanolcontentinwheatandbarleysproutssubjectedtodifferentialledlightconditions |