Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)Vaccines
Vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND), a devastating viral disease of chickens, is often hampered by thermal inactivation of the live vaccines, in particular in tropical and hot climate conditions. In the past, “thermostable” vaccine strains (I-2) were proposed to overcome this problem but prev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/363 |
| _version_ | 1797538363303002112 |
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| author | Nabila Osman Danny Goovaerts Serageldeen Sultan Jeremy Salt Christian Grund |
| author_facet | Nabila Osman Danny Goovaerts Serageldeen Sultan Jeremy Salt Christian Grund |
| author_sort | Nabila Osman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND), a devastating viral disease of chickens, is often hampered by thermal inactivation of the live vaccines, in particular in tropical and hot climate conditions. In the past, “thermostable” vaccine strains (I-2) were proposed to overcome this problem but previous comparative studies did not include formulation-specific factors of commercial vaccines. In the current study, we aimed to verify the superior thermal stability of commercially formulated I-2 strains by comparing six commercially available ND vaccines. Subjected to 37 °C as lyophilized preparations, two vaccines containing I-2 strains were more sensitive to inactivation than a third I-2 vaccine or compared to three other vaccines based on different ND strains. However, reconstitution strains proved to have a comparable tenacity. Interestingly, all vaccines still retained a sufficient virus dose for protection (10<sup>6</sup> EID<sub>50</sub>) after 1 day at 37 °C. These results suggest that there are specific factors that influence thermal stability beyond the strain-specific characteristics. Exposing ND vaccines to elevated temperatures of 51 and 61 °C demonstrated that inactivation of all dissolved vaccines including I-2 vaccine strains occurred within 2 to 4 h. The results revealed important differences among the vaccines and emphasize the importance of the quality of a certain vaccine preparation rather than the strain it contains. These data highlight that regardless of the ND strain used for vaccine preparation, the appropriate cold chain is mandatory for keeping live ND vaccines efficiency in hot climates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:29:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f61d010b5d004fe4b9070d4f3fb020eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:29:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-f61d010b5d004fe4b9070d4f3fb020eb2023-11-21T14:48:15ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-04-019436310.3390/vaccines9040363Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)VaccinesNabila Osman0Danny Goovaerts1Serageldeen Sultan2Jeremy Salt3Christian Grund4Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptDGVAC Consulting, 2460 Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Microbiology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptGALVmed, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UKInstitute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UKVaccination against Newcastle disease (ND), a devastating viral disease of chickens, is often hampered by thermal inactivation of the live vaccines, in particular in tropical and hot climate conditions. In the past, “thermostable” vaccine strains (I-2) were proposed to overcome this problem but previous comparative studies did not include formulation-specific factors of commercial vaccines. In the current study, we aimed to verify the superior thermal stability of commercially formulated I-2 strains by comparing six commercially available ND vaccines. Subjected to 37 °C as lyophilized preparations, two vaccines containing I-2 strains were more sensitive to inactivation than a third I-2 vaccine or compared to three other vaccines based on different ND strains. However, reconstitution strains proved to have a comparable tenacity. Interestingly, all vaccines still retained a sufficient virus dose for protection (10<sup>6</sup> EID<sub>50</sub>) after 1 day at 37 °C. These results suggest that there are specific factors that influence thermal stability beyond the strain-specific characteristics. Exposing ND vaccines to elevated temperatures of 51 and 61 °C demonstrated that inactivation of all dissolved vaccines including I-2 vaccine strains occurred within 2 to 4 h. The results revealed important differences among the vaccines and emphasize the importance of the quality of a certain vaccine preparation rather than the strain it contains. These data highlight that regardless of the ND strain used for vaccine preparation, the appropriate cold chain is mandatory for keeping live ND vaccines efficiency in hot climates.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/363heat stabilityNewcastle disease virusparamyxovirusvaccine qualityvaccine stability |
| spellingShingle | Nabila Osman Danny Goovaerts Serageldeen Sultan Jeremy Salt Christian Grund Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)Vaccines Vaccines heat stability Newcastle disease virus paramyxovirus vaccine quality vaccine stability |
| title | Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)Vaccines |
| title_full | Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)Vaccines |
| title_fullStr | Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)Vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)Vaccines |
| title_short | Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)Vaccines |
| title_sort | vaccine quality is a key factor to determine thermal stability of commercial newcastle disease nd vaccines |
| topic | heat stability Newcastle disease virus paramyxovirus vaccine quality vaccine stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/363 |
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