Quality Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruits from Different Cultivars of Pecan (<i>Carya illinoinensis</i> (Wangenheim) K. Koch)
A comprehensive method for evaluating kernel quality was established by estimating in detail the kernel quality of 27 pecan cultivars introduced into China and by exploring the major trait differences among the different cultivars of pecan. The contents of crude fat, crude protein, soluble sugar, an...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| author | Shuang Wu Xiaohua Yao Kailiang Wang Shuiping Yang Huadong Ren Mei Huang Jun Chang |
| author_facet | Shuang Wu Xiaohua Yao Kailiang Wang Shuiping Yang Huadong Ren Mei Huang Jun Chang |
| author_sort | Shuang Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A comprehensive method for evaluating kernel quality was established by estimating in detail the kernel quality of 27 pecan cultivars introduced into China and by exploring the major trait differences among the different cultivars of pecan. The contents of crude fat, crude protein, soluble sugar, and tannin; the fatty acid composition; the amino acid composition; and the mineral element composition of 27 pecan cultivars were analyzed and tested using the national standards for principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to comprehensively evaluate the 34 characteristic indicators. The fatty acids in the kernel were dominated by unsaturated fats, with oleic acid having the highest content relative to linoleic acid; the amino acid composition was dominated by medicinal amino acids; and potassium, magnesium, and calcium were the predominant mineral elements. Systematic cluster analysis revealed that the 27 pecan cultivars could be classified into three categories (relatively optimal, general, and poorest kernel quality) and 21 indexes, including oleic, linoleic, linolenic, crude fat, soluble sugars, aspartic acid, and threonine, served as indexes of the differences among the 27 tested cultivars. Combined with principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis, a kernel quality evaluation model was established and verified, and reliable evaluation results were obtained. In addition, Nos. 9, 65, 66, 72, 8, and 21, which had the best quality, were further ranked using the probability ranking method within the third category of optimal quality cultivars. There were obvious differences in kernel characteristics among the different cultivars of pecan. Six cultivars with potential to be developed into excellent cultivars were preliminarily screened out. It was found that the organic combination of cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis can provide a reliable method for the quality evaluation of pecans. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f68fc6d582ef47e886fa7392d63e5efc2023-11-23T11:02:07ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-05-0113574610.3390/f13050746Quality Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruits from Different Cultivars of Pecan (<i>Carya illinoinensis</i> (Wangenheim) K. Koch)Shuang Wu0Xiaohua Yao1Kailiang Wang2Shuiping Yang3Huadong Ren4Mei Huang5Jun Chang6Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, ChinaResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, ChinaResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, ChinaResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, ChinaResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, ChinaResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, ChinaA comprehensive method for evaluating kernel quality was established by estimating in detail the kernel quality of 27 pecan cultivars introduced into China and by exploring the major trait differences among the different cultivars of pecan. The contents of crude fat, crude protein, soluble sugar, and tannin; the fatty acid composition; the amino acid composition; and the mineral element composition of 27 pecan cultivars were analyzed and tested using the national standards for principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to comprehensively evaluate the 34 characteristic indicators. The fatty acids in the kernel were dominated by unsaturated fats, with oleic acid having the highest content relative to linoleic acid; the amino acid composition was dominated by medicinal amino acids; and potassium, magnesium, and calcium were the predominant mineral elements. Systematic cluster analysis revealed that the 27 pecan cultivars could be classified into three categories (relatively optimal, general, and poorest kernel quality) and 21 indexes, including oleic, linoleic, linolenic, crude fat, soluble sugars, aspartic acid, and threonine, served as indexes of the differences among the 27 tested cultivars. Combined with principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis, a kernel quality evaluation model was established and verified, and reliable evaluation results were obtained. In addition, Nos. 9, 65, 66, 72, 8, and 21, which had the best quality, were further ranked using the probability ranking method within the third category of optimal quality cultivars. There were obvious differences in kernel characteristics among the different cultivars of pecan. Six cultivars with potential to be developed into excellent cultivars were preliminarily screened out. It was found that the organic combination of cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis can provide a reliable method for the quality evaluation of pecans.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/5/746<i>Carya illinoinensis</i>cluster analysisprincipal component analysisorthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysiscomprehensive evaluationnutrients |
| spellingShingle | Shuang Wu Xiaohua Yao Kailiang Wang Shuiping Yang Huadong Ren Mei Huang Jun Chang Quality Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruits from Different Cultivars of Pecan (<i>Carya illinoinensis</i> (Wangenheim) K. Koch) Forests <i>Carya illinoinensis</i> cluster analysis principal component analysis orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis comprehensive evaluation nutrients |
| title | Quality Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruits from Different Cultivars of Pecan (<i>Carya illinoinensis</i> (Wangenheim) K. Koch) |
| title_full | Quality Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruits from Different Cultivars of Pecan (<i>Carya illinoinensis</i> (Wangenheim) K. Koch) |
| title_fullStr | Quality Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruits from Different Cultivars of Pecan (<i>Carya illinoinensis</i> (Wangenheim) K. Koch) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quality Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruits from Different Cultivars of Pecan (<i>Carya illinoinensis</i> (Wangenheim) K. Koch) |
| title_short | Quality Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruits from Different Cultivars of Pecan (<i>Carya illinoinensis</i> (Wangenheim) K. Koch) |
| title_sort | quality analysis and comprehensive evaluation of fruits from different cultivars of pecan i carya illinoinensis i wangenheim k koch |
| topic | <i>Carya illinoinensis</i> cluster analysis principal component analysis orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis comprehensive evaluation nutrients |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/5/746 |
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