Association between Maternal Characteristics and Immune Factors TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA in Colostrum: An Exploratory Study in Japan
Colostrum is the first food for newborns and it contains various crucial immune factors. The concentrations of immune factors in breast milk may change depending on maternal characteristics such as body mass index, collection day, and age at first pregnancy. In this exploratory study, we investigate...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3255 |
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| author | Naoko Hirata Megumi Kiuchi Kyongsun Pak Risa Fukuda Naoko Mochimaru Mari Mitsui Kazue Yoshida |
| author_facet | Naoko Hirata Megumi Kiuchi Kyongsun Pak Risa Fukuda Naoko Mochimaru Mari Mitsui Kazue Yoshida |
| author_sort | Naoko Hirata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Colostrum is the first food for newborns and it contains various crucial immune factors. The concentrations of immune factors in breast milk may change depending on maternal characteristics such as body mass index, collection day, and age at first pregnancy. In this exploratory study, we investigated the association between TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA in colostrum and rarely studied factors that affect breast milk components, including the use of labor-inducing medication, colostrum secretion, sex of newborns, breast or nipple problems, and nipple care. Breast milk samples were collected from 42 mothers and analyzed for TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA. The results suggest that parity and mode of delivery may be correlated with the concentrations of immune factors in colostrum. However, we found no association between the immune factors in colostrum and the use of labor-inducing medications, colostrum secretion, sex of newborns, breast or nipple problems, and nipple care. These findings have some implications for further analysis of the effects of immune factors in breast milk on the prognosis of allergies in children. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f73b68f6638f45fd937a0399f8dcc22a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:50:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-f73b68f6638f45fd937a0399f8dcc22a2023-11-30T22:07:30ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-08-011416325510.3390/nu14163255Association between Maternal Characteristics and Immune Factors TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA in Colostrum: An Exploratory Study in JapanNaoko Hirata0Megumi Kiuchi1Kyongsun Pak2Risa Fukuda3Naoko Mochimaru4Mari Mitsui5Kazue Yoshida6Department of Product Development, Pigeon Corporation, Ibaraki 300-2495, JapanDepartment of Corporate Communications, Pigeon Corporation, Tokyo 103-8480, JapanDivision of Biostatistics, Department of Data Management, Center for Clinical Research and Development, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanDivision of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanDivision of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanDivision of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanColostrum is the first food for newborns and it contains various crucial immune factors. The concentrations of immune factors in breast milk may change depending on maternal characteristics such as body mass index, collection day, and age at first pregnancy. In this exploratory study, we investigated the association between TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA in colostrum and rarely studied factors that affect breast milk components, including the use of labor-inducing medication, colostrum secretion, sex of newborns, breast or nipple problems, and nipple care. Breast milk samples were collected from 42 mothers and analyzed for TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA. The results suggest that parity and mode of delivery may be correlated with the concentrations of immune factors in colostrum. However, we found no association between the immune factors in colostrum and the use of labor-inducing medications, colostrum secretion, sex of newborns, breast or nipple problems, and nipple care. These findings have some implications for further analysis of the effects of immune factors in breast milk on the prognosis of allergies in children.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3255colostrummaternal characteristicsimmune factorsTGF-β1TGF-β2IgA |
| spellingShingle | Naoko Hirata Megumi Kiuchi Kyongsun Pak Risa Fukuda Naoko Mochimaru Mari Mitsui Kazue Yoshida Association between Maternal Characteristics and Immune Factors TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA in Colostrum: An Exploratory Study in Japan Nutrients colostrum maternal characteristics immune factors TGF-β1 TGF-β2 IgA |
| title | Association between Maternal Characteristics and Immune Factors TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA in Colostrum: An Exploratory Study in Japan |
| title_full | Association between Maternal Characteristics and Immune Factors TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA in Colostrum: An Exploratory Study in Japan |
| title_fullStr | Association between Maternal Characteristics and Immune Factors TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA in Colostrum: An Exploratory Study in Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between Maternal Characteristics and Immune Factors TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA in Colostrum: An Exploratory Study in Japan |
| title_short | Association between Maternal Characteristics and Immune Factors TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA in Colostrum: An Exploratory Study in Japan |
| title_sort | association between maternal characteristics and immune factors tgf β1 tgf β2 and iga in colostrum an exploratory study in japan |
| topic | colostrum maternal characteristics immune factors TGF-β1 TGF-β2 IgA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3255 |
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