Direct and indirect effects of food, fear and management on crop damage by ungulates
Abstract Foraging on crops by wild ungulates may create human–wildlife conflicts through reducing crop production. Ungulates interact with and within complex socio‐ecological systems, making the reduction of crop damage a challenging task. Aside from ungulate densities, crop damage is influenced by...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2023-07-01
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Series: | Ecological Solutions and Evidence |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2688-8319.12266 |