Environmental Impacts of Charging Concepts for Battery Electric Vehicles: A Comparison of On-Board and Off-Board Charging Systems Based on a Life Cycle Assessment
We investigate the environmental impacts of on-board (based on alternating current, AC) and off-board (based on direct current, DC) charging concepts for electric vehicles using Life Cycle Assessment and considering a maximum charging power of 22 kW (AC) and 50 kW (DC). Our results show that the man...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/24/6508 |
| _version_ | 1797545211587461120 |
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| author | Mona Kabus Lars Nolting Benedict J. Mortimer Jan C. Koj Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs Rik W. De Doncker Aaron Praktiknjo |
| author_facet | Mona Kabus Lars Nolting Benedict J. Mortimer Jan C. Koj Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs Rik W. De Doncker Aaron Praktiknjo |
| author_sort | Mona Kabus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We investigate the environmental impacts of on-board (based on alternating current, AC) and off-board (based on direct current, DC) charging concepts for electric vehicles using Life Cycle Assessment and considering a maximum charging power of 22 kW (AC) and 50 kW (DC). Our results show that the manufacturing of chargers provokes the highest contribution to environmental impacts of the production phase. Within the chargers, the filters could be identified as main polluters for all power levels. When comparing the results on a system level, the DC system causes less environmental impact than the AC system in all impact categories. In our diffusion scenarios for electric vehicles, annual emission reductions of up to 35 million kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. could be achieved when the DC system is used instead of the AC system. In addition to the environmental assessment, we examine economic effects. Here, we find annual savings of up to 8.5 million euros, when the DC system is used instead of the AC system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:12:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f909855b269141058d81c42846136a11 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:12:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-f909855b269141058d81c42846136a112023-11-21T00:05:28ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-12-011324650810.3390/en13246508Environmental Impacts of Charging Concepts for Battery Electric Vehicles: A Comparison of On-Board and Off-Board Charging Systems Based on a Life Cycle AssessmentMona Kabus0Lars Nolting1Benedict J. Mortimer2Jan C. Koj3Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs4Rik W. De Doncker5Aaron Praktiknjo6Chair of Technology and Innovation Management, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyInstitute for Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyForschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research–Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), 52425 Jülich, GermanyForschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research–Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), 52425 Jülich, GermanyInstitute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitute for Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyWe investigate the environmental impacts of on-board (based on alternating current, AC) and off-board (based on direct current, DC) charging concepts for electric vehicles using Life Cycle Assessment and considering a maximum charging power of 22 kW (AC) and 50 kW (DC). Our results show that the manufacturing of chargers provokes the highest contribution to environmental impacts of the production phase. Within the chargers, the filters could be identified as main polluters for all power levels. When comparing the results on a system level, the DC system causes less environmental impact than the AC system in all impact categories. In our diffusion scenarios for electric vehicles, annual emission reductions of up to 35 million kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. could be achieved when the DC system is used instead of the AC system. In addition to the environmental assessment, we examine economic effects. Here, we find annual savings of up to 8.5 million euros, when the DC system is used instead of the AC system.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/24/6508charging infrastructureelectric vehiclelife cycle assessmentAC chargingDC chargingeconomic assessment |
| spellingShingle | Mona Kabus Lars Nolting Benedict J. Mortimer Jan C. Koj Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs Rik W. De Doncker Aaron Praktiknjo Environmental Impacts of Charging Concepts for Battery Electric Vehicles: A Comparison of On-Board and Off-Board Charging Systems Based on a Life Cycle Assessment Energies charging infrastructure electric vehicle life cycle assessment AC charging DC charging economic assessment |
| title | Environmental Impacts of Charging Concepts for Battery Electric Vehicles: A Comparison of On-Board and Off-Board Charging Systems Based on a Life Cycle Assessment |
| title_full | Environmental Impacts of Charging Concepts for Battery Electric Vehicles: A Comparison of On-Board and Off-Board Charging Systems Based on a Life Cycle Assessment |
| title_fullStr | Environmental Impacts of Charging Concepts for Battery Electric Vehicles: A Comparison of On-Board and Off-Board Charging Systems Based on a Life Cycle Assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental Impacts of Charging Concepts for Battery Electric Vehicles: A Comparison of On-Board and Off-Board Charging Systems Based on a Life Cycle Assessment |
| title_short | Environmental Impacts of Charging Concepts for Battery Electric Vehicles: A Comparison of On-Board and Off-Board Charging Systems Based on a Life Cycle Assessment |
| title_sort | environmental impacts of charging concepts for battery electric vehicles a comparison of on board and off board charging systems based on a life cycle assessment |
| topic | charging infrastructure electric vehicle life cycle assessment AC charging DC charging economic assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/24/6508 |
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