Glycyrrhizin Protects Mice Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Expression and Neuronal HMGB1 Release
The inflammatory mediator high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of human multiple sclerosis (MS) and mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Glycyrrhizin (GL), a glycoconjugated triterpene extracted from licorice root, has the ability to inhibit t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01518/full |
| _version_ | 1811219120620830720 |
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| author | Yan Sun Yan Sun Yan Sun Huoying Chen Huoying Chen Jiapei Dai Jiapei Dai Zhongjun Wan Ping Xiong Yong Xu Zhengrong Han Zhengrong Han Weitai Chai Weitai Chai Feili Gong Fang Zheng Fang Zheng Fang Zheng Fang Zheng |
| author_facet | Yan Sun Yan Sun Yan Sun Huoying Chen Huoying Chen Jiapei Dai Jiapei Dai Zhongjun Wan Ping Xiong Yong Xu Zhengrong Han Zhengrong Han Weitai Chai Weitai Chai Feili Gong Fang Zheng Fang Zheng Fang Zheng Fang Zheng |
| author_sort | Yan Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The inflammatory mediator high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of human multiple sclerosis (MS) and mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Glycyrrhizin (GL), a glycoconjugated triterpene extracted from licorice root, has the ability to inhibit the functions of HMGB1; however, GL’s function against EAE has not been thoroughly characterized to date. To determine the benefit of GL as a modulator of neuroinflammation, we used an in vivo study to examine GL’s effect on EAE along with primary cultured cortical neurons to study the GL effect on HMGB1 release. Treatment of EAE mice with GL from onset to the peak stage of disease resulted in marked attenuation of EAE severity, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination, decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, and transforming growth factor-beta 1, and increased IL-4 both in serum and spinal cord homogenate. Moreover, HMGB1 levels in different body fluids were reduced, accompanied by a decrease in neuronal damage, activated astrocytes and microglia, as well as HMGB1-positive astrocytes and microglia. GL significantly reversed HMGB1 release into the medium induced by TNF-α stimulation in primary cultured cortical neurons. Taken together, the results indicate that GL has a strong neuroprotective effect on EAE mice by reducing HMGB1 expression and release and thus can be used to treat central nervous system inflammatory diseases, such as MS. |
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| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T07:19:59Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f982f24209b847379073b1d8f7ad00442022-12-22T03:42:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242018-07-01910.3389/fimmu.2018.01518350535Glycyrrhizin Protects Mice Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Expression and Neuronal HMGB1 ReleaseYan Sun0Yan Sun1Yan Sun2Huoying Chen3Huoying Chen4Jiapei Dai5Jiapei Dai6Zhongjun Wan7Ping Xiong8Yong Xu9Zhengrong Han10Zhengrong Han11Weitai Chai12Weitai Chai13Feili Gong14Fang Zheng15Fang Zheng16Fang Zheng17Fang Zheng18Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Neurobiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, ChinaWuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Neurobiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Neurobiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaWuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Neurobiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, ChinaWuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Neurobiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaThe inflammatory mediator high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of human multiple sclerosis (MS) and mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Glycyrrhizin (GL), a glycoconjugated triterpene extracted from licorice root, has the ability to inhibit the functions of HMGB1; however, GL’s function against EAE has not been thoroughly characterized to date. To determine the benefit of GL as a modulator of neuroinflammation, we used an in vivo study to examine GL’s effect on EAE along with primary cultured cortical neurons to study the GL effect on HMGB1 release. Treatment of EAE mice with GL from onset to the peak stage of disease resulted in marked attenuation of EAE severity, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination, decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, and transforming growth factor-beta 1, and increased IL-4 both in serum and spinal cord homogenate. Moreover, HMGB1 levels in different body fluids were reduced, accompanied by a decrease in neuronal damage, activated astrocytes and microglia, as well as HMGB1-positive astrocytes and microglia. GL significantly reversed HMGB1 release into the medium induced by TNF-α stimulation in primary cultured cortical neurons. Taken together, the results indicate that GL has a strong neuroprotective effect on EAE mice by reducing HMGB1 expression and release and thus can be used to treat central nervous system inflammatory diseases, such as MS.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01518/fullhigh-mobility group box 1experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitismultiple sclerosisglycyrrhizinneurons |
| spellingShingle | Yan Sun Yan Sun Yan Sun Huoying Chen Huoying Chen Jiapei Dai Jiapei Dai Zhongjun Wan Ping Xiong Yong Xu Zhengrong Han Zhengrong Han Weitai Chai Weitai Chai Feili Gong Fang Zheng Fang Zheng Fang Zheng Fang Zheng Glycyrrhizin Protects Mice Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Expression and Neuronal HMGB1 Release Frontiers in Immunology high-mobility group box 1 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis multiple sclerosis glycyrrhizin neurons |
| title | Glycyrrhizin Protects Mice Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Expression and Neuronal HMGB1 Release |
| title_full | Glycyrrhizin Protects Mice Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Expression and Neuronal HMGB1 Release |
| title_fullStr | Glycyrrhizin Protects Mice Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Expression and Neuronal HMGB1 Release |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glycyrrhizin Protects Mice Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Expression and Neuronal HMGB1 Release |
| title_short | Glycyrrhizin Protects Mice Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Expression and Neuronal HMGB1 Release |
| title_sort | glycyrrhizin protects mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting high mobility group box 1 hmgb1 expression and neuronal hmgb1 release |
| topic | high-mobility group box 1 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis multiple sclerosis glycyrrhizin neurons |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01518/full |
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