Detection of Kidney Complications Relevant Concentrations of Ammonia Gas Using Plasmonic Biosensors: A Review
Kidney-related health problems cause millions of deaths around the world annually. Fortunately, most kidney problems are curable if detected at the earliest stage. Continuous monitoring of ammonia from exhaled breath is considered as a replacement for the conventional blood-based monitoring of chron...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/2/119 |
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| author | Fahad Usman Kamarul Hawari Ghazali Razali Muda John Ojur Dennis Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf Osamah A. Aldaghri Ahmed Alsadig Nasrul Hadi Johari Rajan Jose |
| author_facet | Fahad Usman Kamarul Hawari Ghazali Razali Muda John Ojur Dennis Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf Osamah A. Aldaghri Ahmed Alsadig Nasrul Hadi Johari Rajan Jose |
| author_sort | Fahad Usman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kidney-related health problems cause millions of deaths around the world annually. Fortunately, most kidney problems are curable if detected at the earliest stage. Continuous monitoring of ammonia from exhaled breath is considered as a replacement for the conventional blood-based monitoring of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure owing to its cost effectiveness, non-invasiveness, excellent sensitivity, and capabilities for real-time measurement. The detection of ammonia for renal failure requires a biosensor with a detection limit of 1000 ppb (1 ppm). Among biosensors, plasmonic biosensors have attracted considerable research interest due to their potential for ultra-sensitivity, single particle/molecular level detection capability, multiplexing capability, photostability, real-time measurement, label-free measurement, room temperature operation, naked-eye readability, ease of miniaturization via simple sensor chip fabrication, and instrumentation, among other features. In this review, plasmonic sensors for the detection of ammonia gas relevant to kidney problems (LOD ≤ 1 ppm) are reviewed. In addition, the utilized strategies and surface functionalization for the plasmonic sensor are highlighted. Moreover, the main limitations of the reported sensors are stated for the benefit of future researchers. Finally, the challenges and prospects of plasmonic-based ammonia gas biosensors for potential application in the monitoring and screening of renal (kidney) failure, as well as the endpoint of the dialysis session, are stated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:00:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa88adb035414815983d91823fd06534 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:00:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa88adb035414815983d91823fd065342023-11-16T19:46:33ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402023-02-0111211910.3390/chemosensors11020119Detection of Kidney Complications Relevant Concentrations of Ammonia Gas Using Plasmonic Biosensors: A ReviewFahad Usman0Kamarul Hawari Ghazali1Razali Muda2John Ojur Dennis3Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf4Osamah A. Aldaghri5Ahmed Alsadig6Nasrul Hadi Johari7Rajan Jose8Centre for Advanced Industrial Technology, Pekan Campus, University of Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, MalaysiaCentre for Advanced Industrial Technology, Pekan Campus, University of Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, MalaysiaCentre for Advanced Industrial Technology, Pekan Campus, University of Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, MalaysiaDepartment of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaPhysics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi ArabiaPhysics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi ArabiaCNR Nanotec, University Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, ItalyCentre for Advanced Industrial Technology, Pekan Campus, University of Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, MalaysiaCenter for Advanced Intelligent Materials, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, MalaysiaKidney-related health problems cause millions of deaths around the world annually. Fortunately, most kidney problems are curable if detected at the earliest stage. Continuous monitoring of ammonia from exhaled breath is considered as a replacement for the conventional blood-based monitoring of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure owing to its cost effectiveness, non-invasiveness, excellent sensitivity, and capabilities for real-time measurement. The detection of ammonia for renal failure requires a biosensor with a detection limit of 1000 ppb (1 ppm). Among biosensors, plasmonic biosensors have attracted considerable research interest due to their potential for ultra-sensitivity, single particle/molecular level detection capability, multiplexing capability, photostability, real-time measurement, label-free measurement, room temperature operation, naked-eye readability, ease of miniaturization via simple sensor chip fabrication, and instrumentation, among other features. In this review, plasmonic sensors for the detection of ammonia gas relevant to kidney problems (LOD ≤ 1 ppm) are reviewed. In addition, the utilized strategies and surface functionalization for the plasmonic sensor are highlighted. Moreover, the main limitations of the reported sensors are stated for the benefit of future researchers. Finally, the challenges and prospects of plasmonic-based ammonia gas biosensors for potential application in the monitoring and screening of renal (kidney) failure, as well as the endpoint of the dialysis session, are stated.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/2/119chronic kidney diseaseammonia biosensorplasmonic sensorskidney failurenon-invasive detectionblood urine nitrogen |
| spellingShingle | Fahad Usman Kamarul Hawari Ghazali Razali Muda John Ojur Dennis Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf Osamah A. Aldaghri Ahmed Alsadig Nasrul Hadi Johari Rajan Jose Detection of Kidney Complications Relevant Concentrations of Ammonia Gas Using Plasmonic Biosensors: A Review Chemosensors chronic kidney disease ammonia biosensor plasmonic sensors kidney failure non-invasive detection blood urine nitrogen |
| title | Detection of Kidney Complications Relevant Concentrations of Ammonia Gas Using Plasmonic Biosensors: A Review |
| title_full | Detection of Kidney Complications Relevant Concentrations of Ammonia Gas Using Plasmonic Biosensors: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Kidney Complications Relevant Concentrations of Ammonia Gas Using Plasmonic Biosensors: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Kidney Complications Relevant Concentrations of Ammonia Gas Using Plasmonic Biosensors: A Review |
| title_short | Detection of Kidney Complications Relevant Concentrations of Ammonia Gas Using Plasmonic Biosensors: A Review |
| title_sort | detection of kidney complications relevant concentrations of ammonia gas using plasmonic biosensors a review |
| topic | chronic kidney disease ammonia biosensor plasmonic sensors kidney failure non-invasive detection blood urine nitrogen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/2/119 |
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