Technical Considerations for Development of Policy and Approvals for In-Water Cleaning of Ship Biofouling

Technical Considerations for Development of Policy and Approvals for In-Water Cleaning of Ship Biofouling

Submerged ship surfaces are often inhabited by diverse sessile and sedentary marine organisms, which can directly impact vessel operations and increase the likelihood of non-indigenous species (NIS) establishment and impacts. Ship in-water cleaning (IWC) systems are now being incorporated into biofo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mario N. Tamburri, Eugene T. Georgiades, Christopher Scianni, Matthew R. First, Gregory M. Ruiz, Carolyn E. Junemann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Marine Science
Subjects:
ship biofouling
in-water cleaning
non-indigenous species
environmental regulations
verification testing
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.804766/full

Internet

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.804766/full

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