Botulinum Toxin Therapy: A Series of Clinical Studies on Patients with Spasmodic Dysphonia in Japan

Botulinum Toxin Therapy: A Series of Clinical Studies on Patients with Spasmodic Dysphonia in Japan

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a rare voice disorder caused by involuntary and intermittent spasms of the laryngeal muscles. Both diagnosis and treatment have been controversial. Therefore, a series of clinical studies has recently been conducted in Japan. A nationwide epidemiological survey revealed t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Masamitsu Hyodo, Kento Asano, Asuka Nagao, Kahori Hirose, Maya Nakahira, Saori Yanagida, Noriko Nishizawa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-11-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
spasmodic dysphonia
nationwide survey
diagnostic criteria
severity grading
placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/840

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https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/840

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