More to Explore: Further Definition of Risk Factors for COPD – Differential Gender Difference, Modest Elevation in PM2.5, and e-Cigarette Use

More to Explore: Further Definition of Risk Factors for COPD – Differential Gender Difference, Modest Elevation in PM2.5, and e-Cigarette Use

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a severe respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality, representing the third leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional risk factors for COPD include aging, genetic predisposition, cigarette smoking, exposure to environmental pollutes, occ...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yixuan Zhang, Lu Wang, Gökhan M. Mutlu, Hua Cai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Physiology
Subjects:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
risk factors
cigarette smoking
environmental pollution
gender difference
modest elevation in PM2.5
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.669152/full

Internet

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.669152/full

Similar Items