Changes to Breast Milk Composition following Increased Maternal Sugar and Fat Consumption
Human milk is influenced by maternal habitual diet, yet we do not fully understand the short-term effects of dietary variations on breast milk macronutrient concentrations. This study aimed to determine if increasing sugar and fat consumption would impact breast milk protein, lactose and lipids. Nin...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Proceedings |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/84/1/7 |
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| author | Ellen Ward Ni Yang Beverly S. Muhlhausler Gabriela E. Leghi Merryn J. Netting Matthew J. Elmes Simon C. Langley-Evans |
| author_facet | Ellen Ward Ni Yang Beverly S. Muhlhausler Gabriela E. Leghi Merryn J. Netting Matthew J. Elmes Simon C. Langley-Evans |
| author_sort | Ellen Ward |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human milk is influenced by maternal habitual diet, yet we do not fully understand the short-term effects of dietary variations on breast milk macronutrient concentrations. This study aimed to determine if increasing sugar and fat consumption would impact breast milk protein, lactose and lipids. Nine mothers who were exclusively breast-feeding consumed three diets; a control, a higher fat diet and a higher sugar diet at least 1 week apart. Breast milk samples were collected hourly and analysed for concentrations of protein, lactose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Breast milk triglycerides responded to both intervention diets with significantly higher concentrations in comparison to the control diet (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Cholesterol concentrations increased more in response to the higher sugar diet than the higher fat diet (<i>p</i> < 0.005). Lactose concentrations increased in response to the higher fat diet (<i>p</i> = 0.006), and protein decreased in response to the higher fat diet (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Variations in breast milk composition were observed over the day with triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations highest at the end of day (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and lactose and protein concentrations peaking at hour 10 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Manipulating maternal consumption of fat and sugar impacted concentrations of human milk triglycerides, cholesterol, lactose and protein. Fluctuations were also seen in milk macronutrients in response to time of day. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:59:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe1292fcdafa4fd2a714502db15156b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-3900 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:59:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Proceedings |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe1292fcdafa4fd2a714502db15156b62023-11-17T13:28:08ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002023-02-01841710.3390/proceedings2023084007Changes to Breast Milk Composition following Increased Maternal Sugar and Fat ConsumptionEllen Ward0Ni Yang1Beverly S. Muhlhausler2Gabriela E. Leghi3Merryn J. Netting4Matthew J. Elmes5Simon C. Langley-Evans6Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide 5000, AustraliaSchool of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UKCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide 5000, AustraliaSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5064, AustraliaWomen and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, AustraliaSchool of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UKCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide 5000, AustraliaHuman milk is influenced by maternal habitual diet, yet we do not fully understand the short-term effects of dietary variations on breast milk macronutrient concentrations. This study aimed to determine if increasing sugar and fat consumption would impact breast milk protein, lactose and lipids. Nine mothers who were exclusively breast-feeding consumed three diets; a control, a higher fat diet and a higher sugar diet at least 1 week apart. Breast milk samples were collected hourly and analysed for concentrations of protein, lactose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Breast milk triglycerides responded to both intervention diets with significantly higher concentrations in comparison to the control diet (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Cholesterol concentrations increased more in response to the higher sugar diet than the higher fat diet (<i>p</i> < 0.005). Lactose concentrations increased in response to the higher fat diet (<i>p</i> = 0.006), and protein decreased in response to the higher fat diet (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Variations in breast milk composition were observed over the day with triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations highest at the end of day (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and lactose and protein concentrations peaking at hour 10 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Manipulating maternal consumption of fat and sugar impacted concentrations of human milk triglycerides, cholesterol, lactose and protein. Fluctuations were also seen in milk macronutrients in response to time of day.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/84/1/7human milkdiettriglyceridesproteinlactosematernal nutrition |
| spellingShingle | Ellen Ward Ni Yang Beverly S. Muhlhausler Gabriela E. Leghi Merryn J. Netting Matthew J. Elmes Simon C. Langley-Evans Changes to Breast Milk Composition following Increased Maternal Sugar and Fat Consumption Proceedings human milk diet triglycerides protein lactose maternal nutrition |
| title | Changes to Breast Milk Composition following Increased Maternal Sugar and Fat Consumption |
| title_full | Changes to Breast Milk Composition following Increased Maternal Sugar and Fat Consumption |
| title_fullStr | Changes to Breast Milk Composition following Increased Maternal Sugar and Fat Consumption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes to Breast Milk Composition following Increased Maternal Sugar and Fat Consumption |
| title_short | Changes to Breast Milk Composition following Increased Maternal Sugar and Fat Consumption |
| title_sort | changes to breast milk composition following increased maternal sugar and fat consumption |
| topic | human milk diet triglycerides protein lactose maternal nutrition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/84/1/7 |
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