Photodynamic Effects with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Cytokines and Exosomes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a precursor to the potent photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), is an established modality for several malignant and premalignant diseases. This treatment is based on the light-activated PpIX in targeted lesions. Although numerous stu...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/232 |
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| author | Kristian Espeland Andrius Kleinauskas Petras Juzenas Andreas Brech Sagar Darvekar Vlada Vasovic Trond Warloe Eidi Christensen Jørgen Jahnsen Qian Peng |
| author_facet | Kristian Espeland Andrius Kleinauskas Petras Juzenas Andreas Brech Sagar Darvekar Vlada Vasovic Trond Warloe Eidi Christensen Jørgen Jahnsen Qian Peng |
| author_sort | Kristian Espeland |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a precursor to the potent photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), is an established modality for several malignant and premalignant diseases. This treatment is based on the light-activated PpIX in targeted lesions. Although numerous studies have confirmed the necrosis and apoptosis involved in the mechanism of action of this modality, little information is available for the change of exosome levels after treatment. We report from the first study on the effects of ALA-PDT on cytokines and exosomes of human healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The treatment reduced the cytokines and exosomes studied, although there was variation among individual PBMC samples. This reduction is consistent with PDT-mediated survivals of subsets of PBMCs. More specifically, the ALA-PDT treatment apparently decreased all pro-inflammatory cytokines included, suggesting that this treatment may provide a strong anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, the treatment has decreased the levels of different types of exosomes, the HLA-DRDPDQ exosome in particular, which plays an important role in the rejection of organ transplantation as well as autoimmune diseases. These results may suggest future therapeutic strategies of ALA-PDT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:34:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe18625a2a2641a1b2352b2475386eb7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:34:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe18625a2a2641a1b2352b2475386eb72023-11-23T18:52:21ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-01-0110223210.3390/biomedicines10020232Photodynamic Effects with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Cytokines and Exosomes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear CellsKristian Espeland0Andrius Kleinauskas1Petras Juzenas2Andreas Brech3Sagar Darvekar4Vlada Vasovic5Trond Warloe6Eidi Christensen7Jørgen Jahnsen8Qian Peng9Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, N-1478 Lorenskog, NorwayDepartment of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, NorwayInstitute of Clinical of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0372 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, N-1478 Lorenskog, NorwayDepartment of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, NorwayPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a precursor to the potent photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), is an established modality for several malignant and premalignant diseases. This treatment is based on the light-activated PpIX in targeted lesions. Although numerous studies have confirmed the necrosis and apoptosis involved in the mechanism of action of this modality, little information is available for the change of exosome levels after treatment. We report from the first study on the effects of ALA-PDT on cytokines and exosomes of human healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The treatment reduced the cytokines and exosomes studied, although there was variation among individual PBMC samples. This reduction is consistent with PDT-mediated survivals of subsets of PBMCs. More specifically, the ALA-PDT treatment apparently decreased all pro-inflammatory cytokines included, suggesting that this treatment may provide a strong anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, the treatment has decreased the levels of different types of exosomes, the HLA-DRDPDQ exosome in particular, which plays an important role in the rejection of organ transplantation as well as autoimmune diseases. These results may suggest future therapeutic strategies of ALA-PDT.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/2325-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)photodynamic therapy (PDT)photodynamic diagnosisprotoporphyrin IX (PpIX)peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)cytokine |
| spellingShingle | Kristian Espeland Andrius Kleinauskas Petras Juzenas Andreas Brech Sagar Darvekar Vlada Vasovic Trond Warloe Eidi Christensen Jørgen Jahnsen Qian Peng Photodynamic Effects with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Cytokines and Exosomes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Biomedicines 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) photodynamic diagnosis protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cytokine |
| title | Photodynamic Effects with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Cytokines and Exosomes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
| title_full | Photodynamic Effects with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Cytokines and Exosomes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
| title_fullStr | Photodynamic Effects with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Cytokines and Exosomes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photodynamic Effects with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Cytokines and Exosomes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
| title_short | Photodynamic Effects with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Cytokines and Exosomes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
| title_sort | photodynamic effects with 5 aminolevulinic acid on cytokines and exosomes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| topic | 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) photodynamic diagnosis protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cytokine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/232 |
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