Effects of lethal management on gray wolf pack persistence and reproduction in Wisconsin, USA

Abstract Direct human-caused mortality accounts for about half of all large mammal mortality in North America. For social species like gray wolves (Canis lupus), the death of pack members can disrupt pack structure and cause pack dissolution, and mortality of breeding adults or wolves during reprodu...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alejandra Zubiria Perez, Kenneth F. Kellner, David M. MacFarland, Jennifer L. Price Tack, David B. Ruid, Glenn E. Stauffer, Jerrold L. Belant
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60764-6