Mechanistic insights into the alterations and regulation of the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy
Abstract In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetes-related hyperglycemia directly inhibits the AKT signaling pathway by increasing oxidative stress or inhibiting growth factor expression, which leads to retinal cell apoptosis, nerve proliferation and fundus microvascular disease. Ho...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Nature Publishing Group
2023-11-01
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Series: | Cell Death Discovery |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-023-01717-2 |