Modulating Heart Rate Variability through Deep Breathing Exercises and Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A Study in Healthy Participants and in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are associated with an impaired autonomic nervous system and vagus nerve function. Electrical or physiological (deep breathing—DB) vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could be a potential treatment approach, but no direct comparison has been...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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Series: | Sensors |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7884 |