Treating produced water from hydraulic fracturing: Composition effects on scale formation and desalination system selection
Produced water from unconventional gas and oil extraction may be hypersaline with uncommon combinations of dissolved ions. The aim of this analysis is to aid in the selection of produced water treatment technology by identifying the temperature, pH, and recovery ratio under which mineral solid forma...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Elsevier
2016
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101941 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0638 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4583-1057 |
| _version_ | 1826205879995727872 |
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| author | Thiel, Gregory Parker Lienhard, John H |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Abdul Latif Jameel World Water & Food Security Lab |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Abdul Latif Jameel World Water & Food Security Lab Thiel, Gregory Parker Lienhard, John H |
| author_sort | Thiel, Gregory Parker |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Produced water from unconventional gas and oil extraction may be hypersaline with uncommon combinations of dissolved ions. The aim of this analysis is to aid in the selection of produced water treatment technology by identifying the temperature, pH, and recovery ratio under which mineral solid formation from these produced waters is likely to occur. Eight samples of produced water from the Permian Basin and the Marcellus shale are discussed, with an average TDS of about 177 g/L but significant variability. Crystallization potential is quantified by the saturation index, and activity coefficients are calculated using the Pitzer model. The method is applied to estimate solid formation in the treatment of two design case samples: a 183 g/L sample representing the Permian Basin water and a 145 g/L sample representing the Marcellus. Without pretreatment, the most likely solids to form, defined by highest saturation index, are: CaCO[subscript 3], FeCO[subscript 3], MgCO[subscript 3], MnCO[subscript 3], SrCO[subscript 3], BaSO[subscript 4], CaSO[subscript 4], MgSO[subscript 4] and SrSO[subscript 4]. Some options for mitigating the formation of these scales are discussed. With appropriate pretreatment, it is estimated that recovery ratios of as high as 40–50% are achievable before NaCl, a major constituent, is likely to limit further concentration without significant crystallization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:20:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/101941 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:20:49Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1019412023-02-17T02:05:29Z Treating produced water from hydraulic fracturing: Composition effects on scale formation and desalination system selection Thiel, Gregory Parker Lienhard, John H Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Abdul Latif Jameel World Water & Food Security Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Lienhard, John H. Thiel, Gregory Parker Lienhard, John H. Produced water from unconventional gas and oil extraction may be hypersaline with uncommon combinations of dissolved ions. The aim of this analysis is to aid in the selection of produced water treatment technology by identifying the temperature, pH, and recovery ratio under which mineral solid formation from these produced waters is likely to occur. Eight samples of produced water from the Permian Basin and the Marcellus shale are discussed, with an average TDS of about 177 g/L but significant variability. Crystallization potential is quantified by the saturation index, and activity coefficients are calculated using the Pitzer model. The method is applied to estimate solid formation in the treatment of two design case samples: a 183 g/L sample representing the Permian Basin water and a 145 g/L sample representing the Marcellus. Without pretreatment, the most likely solids to form, defined by highest saturation index, are: CaCO[subscript 3], FeCO[subscript 3], MgCO[subscript 3], MnCO[subscript 3], SrCO[subscript 3], BaSO[subscript 4], CaSO[subscript 4], MgSO[subscript 4] and SrSO[subscript 4]. Some options for mitigating the formation of these scales are discussed. With appropriate pretreatment, it is estimated that recovery ratios of as high as 40–50% are achievable before NaCl, a major constituent, is likely to limit further concentration without significant crystallization. Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at MIT and KFUPM (Project R4-CW-08) MIT Energy Initiative MIT Martin Family Society of Fellows for Sustainability 2016-03-31T12:10:33Z 2016-03-31T12:10:33Z 2014-05 2014-04 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 00119164 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101941 Thiel, Gregory P., and John H. Lienhard. “Treating Produced Water from Hydraulic Fracturing: Composition Effects on Scale Formation and Desalination System Selection.” Desalination 346 (August 2014): 54–69. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0638 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4583-1057 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.05.001 Desalination Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Elsevier Thiel |
| spellingShingle | Thiel, Gregory Parker Lienhard, John H Treating produced water from hydraulic fracturing: Composition effects on scale formation and desalination system selection |
| title | Treating produced water from hydraulic fracturing: Composition effects on scale formation and desalination system selection |
| title_full | Treating produced water from hydraulic fracturing: Composition effects on scale formation and desalination system selection |
| title_fullStr | Treating produced water from hydraulic fracturing: Composition effects on scale formation and desalination system selection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Treating produced water from hydraulic fracturing: Composition effects on scale formation and desalination system selection |
| title_short | Treating produced water from hydraulic fracturing: Composition effects on scale formation and desalination system selection |
| title_sort | treating produced water from hydraulic fracturing composition effects on scale formation and desalination system selection |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101941 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0638 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4583-1057 |
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