Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells
Cells must duplicate their mass in order to proliferate. Glucose and glutamine are the major nutrients consumed by proliferating mammalian cells, but the extent to which these and other nutrients contribute to cell mass is unknown. We quantified the fraction of cell mass derived from different nutri...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier BV
2018
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116920 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-5877 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1388 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-8003 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-9433 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-4192 |
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| author | Johnson, Marc O. Rathmell, Jeffrey C. Steinhauser, Matthew L. Hosios, Aaron Marc Hecht, Vivian Chaya Danai, Laura V Manalis, Scott R Vander Heiden, Matthew G. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Johnson, Marc O. Rathmell, Jeffrey C. Steinhauser, Matthew L. Hosios, Aaron Marc Hecht, Vivian Chaya Danai, Laura V Manalis, Scott R Vander Heiden, Matthew G. |
| author_sort | Johnson, Marc O. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Cells must duplicate their mass in order to proliferate. Glucose and glutamine are the major nutrients consumed by proliferating mammalian cells, but the extent to which these and other nutrients contribute to cell mass is unknown. We quantified the fraction of cell mass derived from different nutrients and found that the majority of carbon mass in cells is derived from other amino acids, which are consumed at much lower rates than glucose and glutamine. While glucose carbon has diverse fates, glutamine contributes most to protein, suggesting that glutamine's ability to replenish tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (anaplerosis) is primarily used for amino acid biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate that rates of nutrient consumption are indirectly associated with mass accumulation and suggest that high rates of glucose and glutamine consumption support rapid cell proliferation beyond providing carbon for biosynthesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:30:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/116920 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:30:05Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Elsevier BV |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1169202022-10-02T08:12:06Z Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells Johnson, Marc O. Rathmell, Jeffrey C. Steinhauser, Matthew L. Hosios, Aaron Marc Hecht, Vivian Chaya Danai, Laura V Manalis, Scott R Vander Heiden, Matthew G. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT Hosios, Aaron Marc Hecht, Vivian Chaya Danai, Laura V Manalis, Scott R Vander Heiden, Matthew G. Cells must duplicate their mass in order to proliferate. Glucose and glutamine are the major nutrients consumed by proliferating mammalian cells, but the extent to which these and other nutrients contribute to cell mass is unknown. We quantified the fraction of cell mass derived from different nutrients and found that the majority of carbon mass in cells is derived from other amino acids, which are consumed at much lower rates than glucose and glutamine. While glucose carbon has diverse fates, glutamine contributes most to protein, suggesting that glutamine's ability to replenish tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (anaplerosis) is primarily used for amino acid biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate that rates of nutrient consumption are indirectly associated with mass accumulation and suggest that high rates of glucose and glutamine consumption support rapid cell proliferation beyond providing carbon for biosynthesis. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U54CA143874) 2018-07-11T20:39:17Z 2018-07-11T20:39:17Z 2016-03 2016-01 2018-07-11T17:56:51Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1534-5807 1878-1551 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116920 Hosios, Aaron M. et al. “Amino Acids Rather Than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells.” Developmental Cell 36, 5 (March 2016): 540–549 © 2016 Elsevier Inc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-5877 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1388 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-8003 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-9433 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-4192 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.DEVCEL.2016.02.012 Developmental Cell Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/pdf Elsevier BV PMC |
| spellingShingle | Johnson, Marc O. Rathmell, Jeffrey C. Steinhauser, Matthew L. Hosios, Aaron Marc Hecht, Vivian Chaya Danai, Laura V Manalis, Scott R Vander Heiden, Matthew G. Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells |
| title | Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells |
| title_full | Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells |
| title_fullStr | Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells |
| title_short | Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells |
| title_sort | amino acids rather than glucose account for the majority of cell mass in proliferating mammalian cells |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116920 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-5877 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1388 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-8003 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-9433 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-4192 |
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