Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Income-Achievement Gap
In the United States, the difference in academic achievement between higher- and lower-income students (i.e., the income-achievement gap) is substantial and growing. In the research reported here, we investigated neuroanatomical correlates of this gap in adolescents (N = 58) in whom academic achieve...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Sage Publications/Association for Psychological Science
2015
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96726 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-3562 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-5692 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-2721 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-0028 |
| _version_ | 1811074612480442368 |
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| author | Mackey, Allyson Finn, Amy Sue Leonard, Julia Anne Gabrieli, John D. E. Jacoby-Senghor, Drew S. West, Martin R. Gabrieli, Christopher F. O. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Mackey, Allyson Finn, Amy Sue Leonard, Julia Anne Gabrieli, John D. E. Jacoby-Senghor, Drew S. West, Martin R. Gabrieli, Christopher F. O. |
| author_sort | Mackey, Allyson |
| collection | MIT |
| description | In the United States, the difference in academic achievement between higher- and lower-income students (i.e., the income-achievement gap) is substantial and growing. In the research reported here, we investigated neuroanatomical correlates of this gap in adolescents (N = 58) in whom academic achievement was measured by statewide standardized testing. Cortical gray-matter volume was significantly greater in students from higher-income backgrounds (n = 35) than in students from lower-income backgrounds (n = 23), but cortical white-matter volume and total cortical surface area did not differ significantly between groups. Cortical thickness in all lobes of the brain was greater in students from higher-income than lower-income backgrounds. Greater cortical thickness, particularly in temporal and occipital lobes, was associated with better test performance. These results represent the first evidence that cortical thickness in higher- and lower-income students differs across broad swaths of the brain and that cortical thickness is related to scores on academic-achievement tests. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:52:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/96726 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:52:35Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Sage Publications/Association for Psychological Science |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/967262022-09-26T14:12:55Z Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Income-Achievement Gap Mackey, Allyson Finn, Amy Sue Leonard, Julia Anne Gabrieli, John D. E. Jacoby-Senghor, Drew S. West, Martin R. Gabrieli, Christopher F. O. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT Mackey, Allyson Finn, Amy Sue Leonard, Julia Anne Gabrieli, John D. E. In the United States, the difference in academic achievement between higher- and lower-income students (i.e., the income-achievement gap) is substantial and growing. In the research reported here, we investigated neuroanatomical correlates of this gap in adolescents (N = 58) in whom academic achievement was measured by statewide standardized testing. Cortical gray-matter volume was significantly greater in students from higher-income backgrounds (n = 35) than in students from lower-income backgrounds (n = 23), but cortical white-matter volume and total cortical surface area did not differ significantly between groups. Cortical thickness in all lobes of the brain was greater in students from higher-income than lower-income backgrounds. Greater cortical thickness, particularly in temporal and occipital lobes, was associated with better test performance. These results represent the first evidence that cortical thickness in higher- and lower-income students differs across broad swaths of the brain and that cortical thickness is related to scores on academic-achievement tests. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant F32 HD079143-01) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant F32 MH095354-01) 2015-04-23T13:56:20Z 2015-04-23T13:56:20Z 2015-04 2015-01 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0956-7976 1467-9280 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96726 Mackey, A. P., A. S. Finn, J. A. Leonard, D. S. Jacoby-Senghor, M. R. West, C. F. O. Gabrieli, and J. D. E. Gabrieli. “Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Income-Achievement Gap.” Psychological Science (April 20, 2015). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-3562 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-5692 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-2721 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-0028 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797615572233 Psychological Science Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Sage Publications/Association for Psychological Science Mackey |
| spellingShingle | Mackey, Allyson Finn, Amy Sue Leonard, Julia Anne Gabrieli, John D. E. Jacoby-Senghor, Drew S. West, Martin R. Gabrieli, Christopher F. O. Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Income-Achievement Gap |
| title | Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Income-Achievement Gap |
| title_full | Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Income-Achievement Gap |
| title_fullStr | Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Income-Achievement Gap |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Income-Achievement Gap |
| title_short | Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Income-Achievement Gap |
| title_sort | neuroanatomical correlates of the income achievement gap |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96726 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-3562 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-5692 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-2721 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-0028 |
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