Photon-efficient quantum key distribution using time–energy entanglement with high-dimensional encoding
Conventional quantum key distribution (QKD) typically uses binary encoding based on photon polarization or time-bin degrees of freedom and achieves a key capacity of at most one bit per photon. Under photon-starved conditions the rate of detection events is much lower than the photon generation rate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| 其他作者: | |
| 格式: | 文件 |
| 语言: | en_US |
| 出版: |
IOP Publishing
2015
|
| 在线阅读: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96805 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-8023 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-6159 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6094-5861 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-8162 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-4758 |
| _version_ | 1826190068783513600 |
|---|---|
| author | Zhong, Tian Zhou, Hongchao Horansky, Robert D. Lee, Catherine Verma, Varun B. Lita, Adriana E. Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Mirin, Richard P. Gerrits, Thomas Nam, Sae Woo Marsili, Francesco Shaw, Matthew D. Zhang, Zheshen Wang, Ligong Englund, Dirk Robert Wornell, Gregory W. Shapiro, Jeffrey H. Wong, Franco N. C. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Zhong, Tian Zhou, Hongchao Horansky, Robert D. Lee, Catherine Verma, Varun B. Lita, Adriana E. Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Mirin, Richard P. Gerrits, Thomas Nam, Sae Woo Marsili, Francesco Shaw, Matthew D. Zhang, Zheshen Wang, Ligong Englund, Dirk Robert Wornell, Gregory W. Shapiro, Jeffrey H. Wong, Franco N. C. |
| author_sort | Zhong, Tian |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Conventional quantum key distribution (QKD) typically uses binary encoding based on photon polarization or time-bin degrees of freedom and achieves a key capacity of at most one bit per photon. Under photon-starved conditions the rate of detection events is much lower than the photon generation rate, because of losses in long distance propagation and the relatively long recovery times of available single-photon detectors. Multi-bit encoding in the photon arrival times can be beneficial in such photon-starved situations. Recent security proofs indicate high-dimensional encoding in the photon arrival times is robust and can be implemented to yield high secure throughput. In this work we demonstrate entanglement-based QKD with high-dimensional encoding whose security against collective Gaussian attacks is provided by a high-visibility Franson interferometer. We achieve unprecedented key capacity and throughput for an entanglement-based QKD system because of four principal factors: Franson interferometry that does not degrade with loss; error correction coding that can tolerate high error rates; optimized time–energy entanglement generation; and highly efficient WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The secure key capacity yields as much as 8.7 bits per coincidence. When optimized for throughput we observe a secure key rate of 2.7 Mbit s[superscript −1] after 20 km fiber transmission with a key capacity of 6.9 bits per photon coincidence. Our results demonstrate a viable approach to high-rate QKD using practical photonic entanglement and single-photon detection technologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T08:34:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/96805 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T08:34:33Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/968052022-09-23T13:00:26Z Photon-efficient quantum key distribution using time–energy entanglement with high-dimensional encoding Zhong, Tian Zhou, Hongchao Horansky, Robert D. Lee, Catherine Verma, Varun B. Lita, Adriana E. Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Mirin, Richard P. Gerrits, Thomas Nam, Sae Woo Marsili, Francesco Shaw, Matthew D. Zhang, Zheshen Wang, Ligong Englund, Dirk Robert Wornell, Gregory W. Shapiro, Jeffrey H. Wong, Franco N. C. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics Zhong, Tian Zhou, Hongchao Lee, Catherine Zhang, Zheshen Wang, Ligong Englund, Dirk Robert Wornell, Gregory W. Shapiro, Jeffrey H. Wong, Franco N. C. Conventional quantum key distribution (QKD) typically uses binary encoding based on photon polarization or time-bin degrees of freedom and achieves a key capacity of at most one bit per photon. Under photon-starved conditions the rate of detection events is much lower than the photon generation rate, because of losses in long distance propagation and the relatively long recovery times of available single-photon detectors. Multi-bit encoding in the photon arrival times can be beneficial in such photon-starved situations. Recent security proofs indicate high-dimensional encoding in the photon arrival times is robust and can be implemented to yield high secure throughput. In this work we demonstrate entanglement-based QKD with high-dimensional encoding whose security against collective Gaussian attacks is provided by a high-visibility Franson interferometer. We achieve unprecedented key capacity and throughput for an entanglement-based QKD system because of four principal factors: Franson interferometry that does not degrade with loss; error correction coding that can tolerate high error rates; optimized time–energy entanglement generation; and highly efficient WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The secure key capacity yields as much as 8.7 bits per coincidence. When optimized for throughput we observe a secure key rate of 2.7 Mbit s[superscript −1] after 20 km fiber transmission with a key capacity of 6.9 bits per photon coincidence. Our results demonstrate a viable approach to high-rate QKD using practical photonic entanglement and single-photon detection technologies. United States. Army Research Office (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Information in a Photon (InPho) Program Grant W911NF-10-1-0416) 2015-04-24T19:12:16Z 2015-04-24T19:12:16Z 2015-02 2014-12 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1367-2630 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96805 Zhong, Tian, Hongchao Zhou, Robert D Horansky, Catherine Lee, Varun B Verma, Adriana E Lita, Alessandro Restelli, et al. “Photon-Efficient Quantum Key Distribution Using Time–energy Entanglement with High-Dimensional Encoding.” New Journal of Physics 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 022002. © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-8023 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-6159 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6094-5861 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-8162 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-4758 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/2/022002 New Journal of Physics Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf IOP Publishing IOP Publishing |
| spellingShingle | Zhong, Tian Zhou, Hongchao Horansky, Robert D. Lee, Catherine Verma, Varun B. Lita, Adriana E. Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Mirin, Richard P. Gerrits, Thomas Nam, Sae Woo Marsili, Francesco Shaw, Matthew D. Zhang, Zheshen Wang, Ligong Englund, Dirk Robert Wornell, Gregory W. Shapiro, Jeffrey H. Wong, Franco N. C. Photon-efficient quantum key distribution using time–energy entanglement with high-dimensional encoding |
| title | Photon-efficient quantum key distribution using time–energy entanglement with high-dimensional encoding |
| title_full | Photon-efficient quantum key distribution using time–energy entanglement with high-dimensional encoding |
| title_fullStr | Photon-efficient quantum key distribution using time–energy entanglement with high-dimensional encoding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photon-efficient quantum key distribution using time–energy entanglement with high-dimensional encoding |
| title_short | Photon-efficient quantum key distribution using time–energy entanglement with high-dimensional encoding |
| title_sort | photon efficient quantum key distribution using time energy entanglement with high dimensional encoding |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96805 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-8023 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-6159 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6094-5861 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-8162 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-4758 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhongtian photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT zhouhongchao photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT horanskyrobertd photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT leecatherine photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT vermavarunb photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT litaadrianae photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT restellialessandro photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT bienfangjoshuac photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT mirinrichardp photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT gerritsthomas photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT namsaewoo photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT marsilifrancesco photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT shawmatthewd photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT zhangzheshen photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT wangligong photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT englunddirkrobert photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT wornellgregoryw photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT shapirojeffreyh photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding AT wongfranconc photonefficientquantumkeydistributionusingtimeenergyentanglementwithhighdimensionalencoding |