Membrane fouling mitigation with 3D/4D printed feed spacers
Membrane fouling is a major setback for membrane filtration processes because it causes problems such as increased energy consumption or decreased water permeate quality. Although it is inevitable, there are various means of mitigating membrane fouling. Within the spiral wound module, improving the...
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| Format: | Thesis-Doctor of Philosophy |
| Language: | English |
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Nanyang Technological University
2022
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/157769 |