Containing and preventing violence. School and university discipline under the French Ancien Régime (17 th-18 th centuries)

In his classic 1960 description of the socialization of pupils under the French Ancien Régime, Philippe Ariès claimed that, in France, a radical change could be seen in the behaviour of adolescents from the middle of the 17 th century. Before this date, the new norms advocated in the didactic works...