The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the coast of Kenya
Background: Haptoglobin (Hp) genotype determines the efficiency of haemoglobin clearance after malaria-induced hemolysis and alters antioxidant and immune functions. The Hp² allele is thought to have spread under strong selection pressure, but it is unclear whether this is due to protection from mal...
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
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University of Chicago Press
2007
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| _version_ | 1826307304491843584 |
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| author | Atkinson, S Mwangi, T Uyoga, S Ogada, E Marsh, K Prentice, A Williams, T |
| author2 | Infectious Diseases Society of America |
| author_facet | Infectious Diseases Society of America Atkinson, S Mwangi, T Uyoga, S Ogada, E Marsh, K Prentice, A Williams, T |
| author_sort | Atkinson, S |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Background: Haptoglobin (Hp) genotype determines the efficiency of haemoglobin clearance after malaria-induced hemolysis and alters antioxidant and immune functions. The Hp² allele is thought to have spread under strong selection pressure, but it is unclear whether this is due to protection from malaria or other diseases. Methods: We monitored the incidence of febrile malaria and other childhood illnesses with regard to Hp genotypes in a prospective cohort of 312 Kenyan children during 558.3 child-years of follow-up. We also conducted 7 cross-sectional surveys to determine the prevalence of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> parasitemia. Results: The Hp ^2/2 genotype was associated with a 30% reduction in clincal malarial episodes (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.67; P = .008 for Hp^ 2/2 vs. Hp ^1/1 and Hp ^2/1 combined). Protection increased with age; there was no protection in the first 2 years of life, 30% protection at ≥2 years of age, and 50% protection from 4-10 years of age. Children with the Hp ^1/1 genotype had a significantly lower rate of nonmalarial fever (P= .001). Conclusions: Balancing selection pressures may have influenced the spread of the Hp gene. Our observations suggest that the Hp² allele may have spread as a result of protection from malaria, and the Hp¹ allele may be sustained by protection from other infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T07:01:08Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:1b479370-72f1-4355-b83d-34b08c858862 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T07:01:08Z |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publisher | University of Chicago Press |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:1b479370-72f1-4355-b83d-34b08c8588622022-03-29T17:16:11ZThe haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the coast of KenyaJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:1b479370-72f1-4355-b83d-34b08c858862Tropical medicineMedical sciencesMalariaPaediatricsInfectious diseasesEnglishOxford University Research Archive - ValetUniversity of Chicago Press2007Atkinson, SMwangi, TUyoga, SOgada, EMarsh, KPrentice, AWilliams, TInfectious Diseases Society of AmericaBackground: Haptoglobin (Hp) genotype determines the efficiency of haemoglobin clearance after malaria-induced hemolysis and alters antioxidant and immune functions. The Hp² allele is thought to have spread under strong selection pressure, but it is unclear whether this is due to protection from malaria or other diseases. Methods: We monitored the incidence of febrile malaria and other childhood illnesses with regard to Hp genotypes in a prospective cohort of 312 Kenyan children during 558.3 child-years of follow-up. We also conducted 7 cross-sectional surveys to determine the prevalence of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> parasitemia. Results: The Hp ^2/2 genotype was associated with a 30% reduction in clincal malarial episodes (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.67; P = .008 for Hp^ 2/2 vs. Hp ^1/1 and Hp ^2/1 combined). Protection increased with age; there was no protection in the first 2 years of life, 30% protection at ≥2 years of age, and 50% protection from 4-10 years of age. Children with the Hp ^1/1 genotype had a significantly lower rate of nonmalarial fever (P= .001). Conclusions: Balancing selection pressures may have influenced the spread of the Hp gene. Our observations suggest that the Hp² allele may have spread as a result of protection from malaria, and the Hp¹ allele may be sustained by protection from other infections. |
| spellingShingle | Tropical medicine Medical sciences Malaria Paediatrics Infectious diseases Atkinson, S Mwangi, T Uyoga, S Ogada, E Marsh, K Prentice, A Williams, T The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the coast of Kenya |
| title | The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the coast of Kenya |
| title_full | The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the coast of Kenya |
| title_fullStr | The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the coast of Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the coast of Kenya |
| title_short | The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the coast of Kenya |
| title_sort | haptoglobin 2 2 genotype is associated with a reduced incidence of plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the coast of kenya |
| topic | Tropical medicine Medical sciences Malaria Paediatrics Infectious diseases |
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