The effects of interlocutor backchannels and L1 backchannel norms on the speech of L2 English learners

<p>Verbal backchannels – short responses such as 'uh-huh' and 'mhm' given by an interlocutor to the main speaker – have been studied extensively for several decades. The great majority of the research has been descriptive or based on backchannel uses. In contrast, little ha...