Chronic immune activation and CD4+ Tcell lymphopenia in healthy African individuals: Perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy
Chronic immune activation has been considered as the driving force for CD4+ T cell depletion in people infected with HIV-1. Interestingly, the normal immune profile of adult HIV-negative individuals living in Africa also exhibit chronic immune activation, reminiscent of that observed in HIV-1 infect...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media
2021
|
| _version_ | 1826307859772604416 |
|---|---|
| author | Wolday, D Ndungu, FM Gómez-Pérez, GP de Wit, TFR |
| author_facet | Wolday, D Ndungu, FM Gómez-Pérez, GP de Wit, TFR |
| author_sort | Wolday, D |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Chronic immune activation has been considered as the driving force for CD4+ T cell depletion in people infected with HIV-1. Interestingly, the normal immune profile of adult HIV-negative individuals living in Africa also exhibit chronic immune activation, reminiscent of that observed in HIV-1 infected individuals. It is characterized by increased levels of soluble immune activation markers, such as the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, TNF-α, and cellular activation markers including HLA-DR, CD-38, CCR5, coupled with reduced naïve and increased memory cells in CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. In addition, it is accompanied by low CD4+ T cell counts when compared to Europeans. There is also evidence that mononuclear cells from African infants secrete less innate cytokines than South and North Americans and Europeans in vitro. Chronic immune activation in Africans is linked to environmental factors such as parasitic infections and could be responsible for previously observed immune hypo-responsiveness to infections and vaccines. It is unclear whether the immunogenicity and effectiveness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will also be reduced by similar mechanisms. A review of studies investigating this phenomenon is urgently required as they should inform the design and delivery for vaccines to be used in African populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T07:09:21Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:85d18023-7a69-4a1c-82f4-b23810d17c32 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T07:09:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:85d18023-7a69-4a1c-82f4-b23810d17c322022-06-13T11:53:42ZChronic immune activation and CD4+ Tcell lymphopenia in healthy African individuals: Perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacyJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:85d18023-7a69-4a1c-82f4-b23810d17c32EnglishSymplectic ElementsFrontiers Media2021Wolday, DNdungu, FMGómez-Pérez, GPde Wit, TFRChronic immune activation has been considered as the driving force for CD4+ T cell depletion in people infected with HIV-1. Interestingly, the normal immune profile of adult HIV-negative individuals living in Africa also exhibit chronic immune activation, reminiscent of that observed in HIV-1 infected individuals. It is characterized by increased levels of soluble immune activation markers, such as the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, TNF-α, and cellular activation markers including HLA-DR, CD-38, CCR5, coupled with reduced naïve and increased memory cells in CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. In addition, it is accompanied by low CD4+ T cell counts when compared to Europeans. There is also evidence that mononuclear cells from African infants secrete less innate cytokines than South and North Americans and Europeans in vitro. Chronic immune activation in Africans is linked to environmental factors such as parasitic infections and could be responsible for previously observed immune hypo-responsiveness to infections and vaccines. It is unclear whether the immunogenicity and effectiveness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will also be reduced by similar mechanisms. A review of studies investigating this phenomenon is urgently required as they should inform the design and delivery for vaccines to be used in African populations. |
| spellingShingle | Wolday, D Ndungu, FM Gómez-Pérez, GP de Wit, TFR Chronic immune activation and CD4+ Tcell lymphopenia in healthy African individuals: Perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy |
| title | Chronic immune activation and CD4+ Tcell lymphopenia in healthy African individuals: Perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy |
| title_full | Chronic immune activation and CD4+ Tcell lymphopenia in healthy African individuals: Perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy |
| title_fullStr | Chronic immune activation and CD4+ Tcell lymphopenia in healthy African individuals: Perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chronic immune activation and CD4+ Tcell lymphopenia in healthy African individuals: Perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy |
| title_short | Chronic immune activation and CD4+ Tcell lymphopenia in healthy African individuals: Perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy |
| title_sort | chronic immune activation and cd4 tcell lymphopenia in healthy african individuals perspectives for sars cov 2 vaccine efficacy |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT woldayd chronicimmuneactivationandcd4tcelllymphopeniainhealthyafricanindividualsperspectivesforsarscov2vaccineefficacy AT ndungufm chronicimmuneactivationandcd4tcelllymphopeniainhealthyafricanindividualsperspectivesforsarscov2vaccineefficacy AT gomezperezgp chronicimmuneactivationandcd4tcelllymphopeniainhealthyafricanindividualsperspectivesforsarscov2vaccineefficacy AT dewittfr chronicimmuneactivationandcd4tcelllymphopeniainhealthyafricanindividualsperspectivesforsarscov2vaccineefficacy |