Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy beyond linearity and stationarity—a critical review
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used experimental technique for characterising materials and electrode reactions by observing their frequency-dependent impedance. Classical EIS measurements require the electrochemical process to behave as a linear time-invariant system. Howe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023
|
| _version_ | 1797111207139737600 |
|---|---|
| author | Hallemans, N Howey, D Battistel, A Saniee, NF Scarpioni, F Wouters, B La Mantia, F Hubin, A Widanage, WD Lataire, J |
| author_facet | Hallemans, N Howey, D Battistel, A Saniee, NF Scarpioni, F Wouters, B La Mantia, F Hubin, A Widanage, WD Lataire, J |
| author_sort | Hallemans, N |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used experimental technique for characterising materials and electrode reactions by observing their frequency-dependent impedance. Classical EIS measurements require the electrochemical process to behave as a linear time-invariant system. However, electrochemical processes do not naturally satisfy this assumption: the relation between voltage and current is inherently nonlinear and evolves over time. Examples include the corrosion of metal substrates and the cycling of Li-ion batteries. As such, classical EIS only offers models linearised at specific operating points. During the last decade, solutions were developed for estimating nonlinear and time-varying impedances, contributing to more general models. In this paper, we review the concept of impedance beyond linearity and stationarity, and detail different methods to estimate this from measured current and voltage data, with emphasis on frequency domain approaches using multisine excitation. In addition to a mathematical discussion, we measure and provide examples demonstrating impedance estimation for a Li-ion battery, beyond linearity and stationarity, both while resting and while charging. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T08:07:00Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:b2d6fd32-72d8-4688-930f-46ae8df237b6 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T08:07:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:b2d6fd32-72d8-4688-930f-46ae8df237b62023-11-01T16:50:32ZElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy beyond linearity and stationarity—a critical reviewJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:b2d6fd32-72d8-4688-930f-46ae8df237b6EnglishSymplectic ElementsElsevier2023Hallemans, NHowey, DBattistel, ASaniee, NFScarpioni, FWouters, BLa Mantia, FHubin, AWidanage, WDLataire, JElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used experimental technique for characterising materials and electrode reactions by observing their frequency-dependent impedance. Classical EIS measurements require the electrochemical process to behave as a linear time-invariant system. However, electrochemical processes do not naturally satisfy this assumption: the relation between voltage and current is inherently nonlinear and evolves over time. Examples include the corrosion of metal substrates and the cycling of Li-ion batteries. As such, classical EIS only offers models linearised at specific operating points. During the last decade, solutions were developed for estimating nonlinear and time-varying impedances, contributing to more general models. In this paper, we review the concept of impedance beyond linearity and stationarity, and detail different methods to estimate this from measured current and voltage data, with emphasis on frequency domain approaches using multisine excitation. In addition to a mathematical discussion, we measure and provide examples demonstrating impedance estimation for a Li-ion battery, beyond linearity and stationarity, both while resting and while charging. |
| spellingShingle | Hallemans, N Howey, D Battistel, A Saniee, NF Scarpioni, F Wouters, B La Mantia, F Hubin, A Widanage, WD Lataire, J Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy beyond linearity and stationarity—a critical review |
| title | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy beyond linearity and stationarity—a critical review |
| title_full | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy beyond linearity and stationarity—a critical review |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy beyond linearity and stationarity—a critical review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy beyond linearity and stationarity—a critical review |
| title_short | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy beyond linearity and stationarity—a critical review |
| title_sort | electrochemical impedance spectroscopy beyond linearity and stationarity a critical review |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hallemansn electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopybeyondlinearityandstationarityacriticalreview AT howeyd electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopybeyondlinearityandstationarityacriticalreview AT battistela electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopybeyondlinearityandstationarityacriticalreview AT sanieenf electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopybeyondlinearityandstationarityacriticalreview AT scarpionif electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopybeyondlinearityandstationarityacriticalreview AT woutersb electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopybeyondlinearityandstationarityacriticalreview AT lamantiaf electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopybeyondlinearityandstationarityacriticalreview AT hubina electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopybeyondlinearityandstationarityacriticalreview AT widanagewd electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopybeyondlinearityandstationarityacriticalreview AT latairej electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopybeyondlinearityandstationarityacriticalreview |