Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy beyond linearity and stationarity—a critical review

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used experimental technique for characterising materials and electrode reactions by observing their frequency-dependent impedance. Classical EIS measurements require the electrochemical process to behave as a linear time-invariant system. Howe...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hallemans, N, Howey, D, Battistel, A, Saniee, NF, Scarpioni, F, Wouters, B, La Mantia, F, Hubin, A, Widanage, WD, Lataire, J
Format: Journal article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023