Mendelian Randomization analysis of the causal effect of cigarette smoking on hospital costs

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Knowledge of the impact of smoking on healthcare costs is important for establishing the external effects of smoking and for evaluating policies intended to modify this behavior. Conventional analysis of this association is difficult because of omi...

وصف كامل

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلفون الرئيسيون: Dixon, P, Sallis, H, Munafo, M, Davey Smith, G, Howe, L
التنسيق: Journal article
اللغة:English
منشور في: Oxford University Press 2024