Mendelian Randomization analysis of the causal effect of cigarette smoking on hospital costs

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Knowledge of the impact of smoking on healthcare costs is important for establishing the external effects of smoking and for evaluating policies intended to modify this behavior. Conventional analysis of this association is difficult because of omi...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Main Authors: Dixon, P, Sallis, H, Munafo, M, Davey Smith, G, Howe, L
Formato: Journal article
Idioma:English
Publicado em: Oxford University Press 2024