Mendelian Randomization analysis of the causal effect of cigarette smoking on hospital costs

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Knowledge of the impact of smoking on healthcare costs is important for establishing the external effects of smoking and for evaluating policies intended to modify this behavior. Conventional analysis of this association is difficult because of omi...

Полное описание

Библиографические подробности
Главные авторы: Dixon, P, Sallis, H, Munafo, M, Davey Smith, G, Howe, L
Формат: Journal article
Язык:English
Опубликовано: Oxford University Press 2024