| Тойм: | The preparation of clean GaN surfaces is necessary in order to study the fundamental properties of GaN surfaces, a subject of increasing scientific and industrial relevance. Here, we identify the effect of two common surface cleaning treatments (annealing in ammonia, and sputtering in nitrogen followed by in vacua annealing) on surface reconstruction, morphology and stoichiometry of both A- and B-type GaN, by employing a combination of in situ RHEED and STM, and ex situ XPS, and illustrate the contrasting behaviours of the two surface polarities.
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