Nonlethal predator effects on the turn-over of wild bird flocks

Nonlethal predator effects arise when individuals of a prey species adjust their behaviour due to the presence of predators. Non-lethal predator effects have been shown to affect social group structure and social behaviour as well as individual fitness of the prey. In this experimental study, we use...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sheldon, B, Firth, J, Voelkl, B
Format: Journal article
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2016