Private, non-profit, and plantation: Oil palm smallholders in management-assistance programs vary in socio-demographics, attitudes, and management practices

Smallholder farmers produce over 40% of global palm oil, the world’s most traded and controversial vegetable oil. Awareness of the effects of palm oil production on ecosystems and human communities has increased drastically in recent years, with ever louder calls for the private and public sector to...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Reiss-Woolever, VJ, Wakhid, W, Ikhsan, M, Caliman, J, Naim, M, Azmi, EN, Shufiyan, S, Howes, J, Azmi, R, Ying Lim, Y, Abdul Jan, SZ, Barrock, I, Azhar, B, Drewer, J, Ward, C, Jones, JA, Luke, SH, Turner, EC, Hidayat, P, Buchori, D
Format: Journal article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science 2025