Associations of fruit intake with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in UK Biobank
Background: Fruit consumption has been associated with a lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the cross-sectional and prospective associations of fruit consumption with markers of adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, low-grade inflammation,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BioMed Central
2024
|
| _version_ | 1811140501254963200 |
|---|---|
| author | Trichia, E MacLean, F Perez-Cornago, A Tong, TYN Emberson, JR Key, TJ Lewington, S Carter, JL |
| author_facet | Trichia, E MacLean, F Perez-Cornago, A Tong, TYN Emberson, JR Key, TJ Lewington, S Carter, JL |
| author_sort | Trichia, E |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Background: Fruit consumption has been associated with a lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the cross-sectional and prospective associations of fruit consumption with markers of adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, low-grade inflammation, glycaemia, and oxidative stress. Methods: The main analyses included 365 534 middle-aged adults from the UK Biobank at baseline, of whom 11 510, and 38 988 were included in the first and second follow-up respectively, free from CVD and cancer at baseline. Fruit consumption frequency at baseline was assessed using a questionnaire. We assessed the cross-sectional and prospective associations of fruit with adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference and %body fat), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids (low-density and high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B), glycaemia (haemoglobin A1c), low-grade inflammation (C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress (gamma-glutamyl-transferase) using linear regression models adjusted for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Analyses were repeated in a subset with two to five complete 24-h dietary assessments (n = 26 596) allowing for adjustment for total energy intake. Results: Fruit consumption at baseline generally showed weak inverse associations with adiposity and biomarkers at baseline. Most of these relationships did not persist through follow-up, except for inverse associations with diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyl transferase and adiposity. However, for most mechanisms, mean levels varied by less than 0.1 standard deviations (SD) between high and low fruit consumption (> 3 vs < 1 servings/day) in further adjusted models (while the difference was < 0.2 SD for all of them). For example, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure were 1 cm and 1 mmHg lower in high compared to low fruit intake at the first follow-up (95% confidence interval: -1.8, -0.1 and -1.8, -0.3, respectively). Analyses in the 24-h dietary assessment subset showed overall similar associations. Conclusions: We observed very small differences in adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers between those who reported high fruit consumption vs low, most of which did not persist over follow-up. Future studies on other mechanisms and detailed assessment of confounding might further elucidate the relevance of fruit to cardiovascular disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-25T04:22:59Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:fc5d3b45-f655-4dfe-bb24-f0ed7ac2fc87 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-25T04:22:59Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | BioMed Central |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:fc5d3b45-f655-4dfe-bb24-f0ed7ac2fc872024-08-16T20:06:35ZAssociations of fruit intake with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in UK BiobankJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:fc5d3b45-f655-4dfe-bb24-f0ed7ac2fc87EnglishJisc Publications RouterBioMed Central2024Trichia, EMacLean, FPerez-Cornago, ATong, TYNEmberson, JRKey, TJLewington, SCarter, JLBackground: Fruit consumption has been associated with a lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the cross-sectional and prospective associations of fruit consumption with markers of adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, low-grade inflammation, glycaemia, and oxidative stress. Methods: The main analyses included 365 534 middle-aged adults from the UK Biobank at baseline, of whom 11 510, and 38 988 were included in the first and second follow-up respectively, free from CVD and cancer at baseline. Fruit consumption frequency at baseline was assessed using a questionnaire. We assessed the cross-sectional and prospective associations of fruit with adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference and %body fat), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids (low-density and high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B), glycaemia (haemoglobin A1c), low-grade inflammation (C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress (gamma-glutamyl-transferase) using linear regression models adjusted for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Analyses were repeated in a subset with two to five complete 24-h dietary assessments (n = 26 596) allowing for adjustment for total energy intake. Results: Fruit consumption at baseline generally showed weak inverse associations with adiposity and biomarkers at baseline. Most of these relationships did not persist through follow-up, except for inverse associations with diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyl transferase and adiposity. However, for most mechanisms, mean levels varied by less than 0.1 standard deviations (SD) between high and low fruit consumption (> 3 vs < 1 servings/day) in further adjusted models (while the difference was < 0.2 SD for all of them). For example, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure were 1 cm and 1 mmHg lower in high compared to low fruit intake at the first follow-up (95% confidence interval: -1.8, -0.1 and -1.8, -0.3, respectively). Analyses in the 24-h dietary assessment subset showed overall similar associations. Conclusions: We observed very small differences in adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers between those who reported high fruit consumption vs low, most of which did not persist over follow-up. Future studies on other mechanisms and detailed assessment of confounding might further elucidate the relevance of fruit to cardiovascular disease. |
| spellingShingle | Trichia, E MacLean, F Perez-Cornago, A Tong, TYN Emberson, JR Key, TJ Lewington, S Carter, JL Associations of fruit intake with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in UK Biobank |
| title | Associations of fruit intake with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in UK Biobank |
| title_full | Associations of fruit intake with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in UK Biobank |
| title_fullStr | Associations of fruit intake with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in UK Biobank |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of fruit intake with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in UK Biobank |
| title_short | Associations of fruit intake with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in UK Biobank |
| title_sort | associations of fruit intake with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in uk biobank |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT trichiae associationsoffruitintakewithadiposityandcardiometabolicbiomarkersinukbiobank AT macleanf associationsoffruitintakewithadiposityandcardiometabolicbiomarkersinukbiobank AT perezcornagoa associationsoffruitintakewithadiposityandcardiometabolicbiomarkersinukbiobank AT tongtyn associationsoffruitintakewithadiposityandcardiometabolicbiomarkersinukbiobank AT embersonjr associationsoffruitintakewithadiposityandcardiometabolicbiomarkersinukbiobank AT keytj associationsoffruitintakewithadiposityandcardiometabolicbiomarkersinukbiobank AT lewingtons associationsoffruitintakewithadiposityandcardiometabolicbiomarkersinukbiobank AT carterjl associationsoffruitintakewithadiposityandcardiometabolicbiomarkersinukbiobank |