The influence of cigarette smoking on gingival bleeding and serum concentrations of haptoglobin and alpha 1-antitrypsis
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on gingival bleeding and serum concentrations of cotinine, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin in Malaysian smokers. A total of 197 male smokers and nonsmokers were recruited for this study. Plaque index, bleeding on p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/9135/1/684154.pdf |