Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient

Palm kernel cake (PKC) is one of the by-products of the oil palm industry. Malaysia being the world's largest producer of oil palm produces over a million tones of PKC annually. Traditionally, PKC is used as an ingredient in ruminant feed and its use for non-ruminants is usually in low amoun...

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Main Author: Buchi, Iluyemi Florence
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2003
Subjects:
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10681/1/FP_2003_31.pdf
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author Buchi, Iluyemi Florence
author_facet Buchi, Iluyemi Florence
author_sort Buchi, Iluyemi Florence
collection UPM
description Palm kernel cake (PKC) is one of the by-products of the oil palm industry. Malaysia being the world's largest producer of oil palm produces over a million tones of PKC annually. Traditionally, PKC is used as an ingredient in ruminant feed and its use for non-ruminants is usually in low amounts due to problems of digestibility. In this study, an attempt was made to microbially enrich the PKC protein content using: Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus niger and Sclerotium rolfsii fungi. In the solid-state fermentation (SSF), effects of inoculum concentrations (1, 2 and 3%), moisture levels (41, 44 and 47%) and pH levels (3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0) were evaluated. Protein content of PKC increased significantly (P<0.05) coupled with a significant reduction in cellulose and hemicellulose contents by all the fungi used. The highest protein increase of 33% was obtained using T. longibrachiatum fermented PKC compared with 18% in unfermented PKC. The effect of moisture content was more critical compared to pH. Fermentation increased the analysed total amino acids (14 to 25%) and mostly the unsaturated ones (oleic and linoleic acids).
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spelling upm.eprints-106812024-05-09T03:03:07Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10681/ Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient Buchi, Iluyemi Florence Palm kernel cake (PKC) is one of the by-products of the oil palm industry. Malaysia being the world's largest producer of oil palm produces over a million tones of PKC annually. Traditionally, PKC is used as an ingredient in ruminant feed and its use for non-ruminants is usually in low amounts due to problems of digestibility. In this study, an attempt was made to microbially enrich the PKC protein content using: Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus niger and Sclerotium rolfsii fungi. In the solid-state fermentation (SSF), effects of inoculum concentrations (1, 2 and 3%), moisture levels (41, 44 and 47%) and pH levels (3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0) were evaluated. Protein content of PKC increased significantly (P<0.05) coupled with a significant reduction in cellulose and hemicellulose contents by all the fungi used. The highest protein increase of 33% was obtained using T. longibrachiatum fermented PKC compared with 18% in unfermented PKC. The effect of moisture content was more critical compared to pH. Fermentation increased the analysed total amino acids (14 to 25%) and mostly the unsaturated ones (oleic and linoleic acids). 2003-04 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10681/1/FP_2003_31.pdf Buchi, Iluyemi Florence (2003) Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Oil palm - Aquatic plants as feed - Case studies English
spellingShingle Oil palm - Aquatic plants as feed - Case studies
Buchi, Iluyemi Florence
Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient
title Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient
title_full Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient
title_fullStr Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient
title_full_unstemmed Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient
title_short Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient
title_sort bioconversion of palm kernel cake and its evaluation as an aquafeed ingredient
topic Oil palm - Aquatic plants as feed - Case studies
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10681/1/FP_2003_31.pdf
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