Effects of germinated brown rice and its bioactive compounds on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene
Dysregulated metabolism is implicated in obesity and other disease conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, which are linked to abnormalities of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). PPARγ has been the focus of much research aimed at managing these di...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2013
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29853/1/Effects%20of%20germinated%20brown%20rice%20and%20its%20bioactive%20compounds%20on%20the%20expression%20of%20the%20peroxisome%20proliferator.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825947592687616000 |
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| author | Imam, Mustapha Umar Ismail, Maznah Ithnin, Hairuszah Tubesha, Zaki Omar, Abdul Rahman |
| author_facet | Imam, Mustapha Umar Ismail, Maznah Ithnin, Hairuszah Tubesha, Zaki Omar, Abdul Rahman |
| author_sort | Imam, Mustapha Umar |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Dysregulated metabolism is implicated in obesity and other disease conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, which are linked to abnormalities of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). PPARγ has been the focus of much research aimed at managing these diseases. Also, germinated brown rice (GBR) is known to possess antidiabetic, antiobesity and hypocholesterolemic effects. We hypothesized that GBR bioactive compounds may mediate some of the improvements in metabolic indices through PPARγ modulation. Cultured HEP-G2 cells were treated with 50 ppm and 100 ppm of extracts from GBR (GABA, ASG and oryzanol) after determination of cell viabilities using MTT assays. Results showed that all extracts upregulated the expression of the PPARγ. However, combination of all three extracts showed downregulation of the gene, suggesting that, in combination, the effects of these bioactives differ from their individual effects likely mediated through competitive inhibition of the gene. Upregulation of the gene may have therapeutic potential in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, while its downregulation likely contributes to GBR’s antiobesity effects. These potentials are worth studying further. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:15:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-29853 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:15:45Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-298532015-09-21T07:17:47Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29853/ Effects of germinated brown rice and its bioactive compounds on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene Imam, Mustapha Umar Ismail, Maznah Ithnin, Hairuszah Tubesha, Zaki Omar, Abdul Rahman Dysregulated metabolism is implicated in obesity and other disease conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, which are linked to abnormalities of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). PPARγ has been the focus of much research aimed at managing these diseases. Also, germinated brown rice (GBR) is known to possess antidiabetic, antiobesity and hypocholesterolemic effects. We hypothesized that GBR bioactive compounds may mediate some of the improvements in metabolic indices through PPARγ modulation. Cultured HEP-G2 cells were treated with 50 ppm and 100 ppm of extracts from GBR (GABA, ASG and oryzanol) after determination of cell viabilities using MTT assays. Results showed that all extracts upregulated the expression of the PPARγ. However, combination of all three extracts showed downregulation of the gene, suggesting that, in combination, the effects of these bioactives differ from their individual effects likely mediated through competitive inhibition of the gene. Upregulation of the gene may have therapeutic potential in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, while its downregulation likely contributes to GBR’s antiobesity effects. These potentials are worth studying further. MDPI AG 2013 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29853/1/Effects%20of%20germinated%20brown%20rice%20and%20its%20bioactive%20compounds%20on%20the%20expression%20of%20the%20peroxisome%20proliferator.pdf Imam, Mustapha Umar and Ismail, Maznah and Ithnin, Hairuszah and Tubesha, Zaki and Omar, Abdul Rahman (2013) Effects of germinated brown rice and its bioactive compounds on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene. Nutrients, 5 (2). pp. 468-477. ISSN 2072-6643 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/2/468 10.3390/nu5020468 |
| spellingShingle | Imam, Mustapha Umar Ismail, Maznah Ithnin, Hairuszah Tubesha, Zaki Omar, Abdul Rahman Effects of germinated brown rice and its bioactive compounds on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene |
| title | Effects of germinated brown rice and its bioactive compounds on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene |
| title_full | Effects of germinated brown rice and its bioactive compounds on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene |
| title_fullStr | Effects of germinated brown rice and its bioactive compounds on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of germinated brown rice and its bioactive compounds on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene |
| title_short | Effects of germinated brown rice and its bioactive compounds on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene |
| title_sort | effects of germinated brown rice and its bioactive compounds on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29853/1/Effects%20of%20germinated%20brown%20rice%20and%20its%20bioactive%20compounds%20on%20the%20expression%20of%20the%20peroxisome%20proliferator.pdf |
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