Chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) nanofibers were isolated from unbleached and bleached pulp by a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments. The chemical methods were based on NaOH-AQ (anthraquinone) and three-stage bleaching (DEpD) processes, whereas the mechanical techniques involved refining, c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University
2009
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40213/1/Chemical%20composition%2C%20crystallinity%2C%20and%20thermal%20degradation%20of%20bleached%20and%20unbleached%20kenaf%20bast%20%28Hibiscus%20cannabinus%29%20pulp%20and%20nanofibers.pdf |
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| author | Jonoobi, Mehdi Harun, Jalaludin Shakeri, Alireza Misra, Manjusri Oksman, Kristiina |
| author_facet | Jonoobi, Mehdi Harun, Jalaludin Shakeri, Alireza Misra, Manjusri Oksman, Kristiina |
| author_sort | Jonoobi, Mehdi |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) nanofibers were isolated from unbleached and bleached pulp by a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments. The chemical methods were based on NaOH-AQ (anthraquinone) and three-stage bleaching (DEpD) processes, whereas the mechanical techniques involved refining, cryo-crushing, and high-pressure homogenization. The size and morphology of the obtained fibers were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the studies showed that the isolated nanofibers from unbleached and bleached pulp had diameters between 10-90 nm, while their length was in the micrometer range. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased in the pulping process and that lignin was almost completely removed during bleaching. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that both pulp types as well as the nanofibers displayed a superior thermal stability as compared to the raw kenaf. Finally, X-ray analyses showed that the chemo-mechanical treatments altered the crystallinity of the pulp and the nanofibers: the bleached pulp had a higher crystallinity than its unbleached counterpart, and the bleached nanofibers presented the highest crystallinity of all the investigated materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:46:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-40213 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:46:25Z |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publisher | College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-402132015-09-14T03:24:51Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40213/ Chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers Jonoobi, Mehdi Harun, Jalaludin Shakeri, Alireza Misra, Manjusri Oksman, Kristiina Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) nanofibers were isolated from unbleached and bleached pulp by a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments. The chemical methods were based on NaOH-AQ (anthraquinone) and three-stage bleaching (DEpD) processes, whereas the mechanical techniques involved refining, cryo-crushing, and high-pressure homogenization. The size and morphology of the obtained fibers were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the studies showed that the isolated nanofibers from unbleached and bleached pulp had diameters between 10-90 nm, while their length was in the micrometer range. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased in the pulping process and that lignin was almost completely removed during bleaching. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that both pulp types as well as the nanofibers displayed a superior thermal stability as compared to the raw kenaf. Finally, X-ray analyses showed that the chemo-mechanical treatments altered the crystallinity of the pulp and the nanofibers: the bleached pulp had a higher crystallinity than its unbleached counterpart, and the bleached nanofibers presented the highest crystallinity of all the investigated materials. College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University 2009 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40213/1/Chemical%20composition%2C%20crystallinity%2C%20and%20thermal%20degradation%20of%20bleached%20and%20unbleached%20kenaf%20bast%20%28Hibiscus%20cannabinus%29%20pulp%20and%20nanofibers.pdf Jonoobi, Mehdi and Harun, Jalaludin and Shakeri, Alireza and Misra, Manjusri and Oksman, Kristiina (2009) Chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers. BioResources, 4 (2). pp. 626-639. ISSN 1930-2126 http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_04_2_0626_Jonoobi_ONHM_Chem_Comp_Cryst_Thermal_Kenaf_Nanofibers |
| spellingShingle | Jonoobi, Mehdi Harun, Jalaludin Shakeri, Alireza Misra, Manjusri Oksman, Kristiina Chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers |
| title | Chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers |
| title_full | Chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers |
| title_fullStr | Chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers |
| title_short | Chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers |
| title_sort | chemical composition crystallinity and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast hibiscus cannabinus pulp and nanofibers |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40213/1/Chemical%20composition%2C%20crystallinity%2C%20and%20thermal%20degradation%20of%20bleached%20and%20unbleached%20kenaf%20bast%20%28Hibiscus%20cannabinus%29%20pulp%20and%20nanofibers.pdf |
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