Microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation of palm kernel shell produced charcoal with high heating value and low gaseous emission
Production of charcoal with a high higher heating value (HHV) while maintaining low gaseous emission requires high energy input and complicated methods. This paper presents a study of the production of charcoal with high HHV and low gaseous emission from palm kernel shell (PKS) within a microwave-as...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2017
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62430/1/CHARCOAL.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796977622649929728 |
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| author | Abd Aziz, Suraini Kamal Bahrin, Ezyana Hassan, Mohd Ali Zainal, Nahrul Hayawin Abdul Aziz, Astimar Idris, Juferi Mamat, Ropandi |
| author_facet | Abd Aziz, Suraini Kamal Bahrin, Ezyana Hassan, Mohd Ali Zainal, Nahrul Hayawin Abdul Aziz, Astimar Idris, Juferi Mamat, Ropandi |
| author_sort | Abd Aziz, Suraini |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Production of charcoal with a high higher heating value (HHV) while maintaining low gaseous emission requires high energy input and complicated methods. This paper presents a study of the production of charcoal with high HHV and low gaseous emission from palm kernel shell (PKS) within a microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation system. The maximum temperature was 300 °C, and three magnetrons were employed to assist with the pre-carbonisation process. The magnetrons were programmed to automatically shut down when the temperature reached 250 °C. Carbonisation took place when the PKS was combusted and the resulting heat was used to sustain the carbonisation. The gaseous emission was passed through a condensation unit and a scrubber system connected to the microwave reactor. Untreated PKS biomass with particle size of 6–15 mm was used in this study. A high HHV of 27.63 MJ/kg was obtained. The concentrations for the particulate matter with a size of 10 μm and below (PM10), CO, NO2, SO2 and HCl were below the standard limits set by the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standards (2014). Therefore, the microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation technology proposed in this study produced charcoal with high HHV and low gaseous emission which can be used as co-combustion for renewable energy generation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T09:42:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-62430 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T09:42:47Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-624302021-02-12T09:16:05Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62430/ Microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation of palm kernel shell produced charcoal with high heating value and low gaseous emission Abd Aziz, Suraini Kamal Bahrin, Ezyana Hassan, Mohd Ali Zainal, Nahrul Hayawin Abdul Aziz, Astimar Idris, Juferi Mamat, Ropandi Production of charcoal with a high higher heating value (HHV) while maintaining low gaseous emission requires high energy input and complicated methods. This paper presents a study of the production of charcoal with high HHV and low gaseous emission from palm kernel shell (PKS) within a microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation system. The maximum temperature was 300 °C, and three magnetrons were employed to assist with the pre-carbonisation process. The magnetrons were programmed to automatically shut down when the temperature reached 250 °C. Carbonisation took place when the PKS was combusted and the resulting heat was used to sustain the carbonisation. The gaseous emission was passed through a condensation unit and a scrubber system connected to the microwave reactor. Untreated PKS biomass with particle size of 6–15 mm was used in this study. A high HHV of 27.63 MJ/kg was obtained. The concentrations for the particulate matter with a size of 10 μm and below (PM10), CO, NO2, SO2 and HCl were below the standard limits set by the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standards (2014). Therefore, the microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation technology proposed in this study produced charcoal with high HHV and low gaseous emission which can be used as co-combustion for renewable energy generation. Elsevier 2017 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62430/1/CHARCOAL.pdf Abd Aziz, Suraini and Kamal Bahrin, Ezyana and Hassan, Mohd Ali and Zainal, Nahrul Hayawin and Abdul Aziz, Astimar and Idris, Juferi and Mamat, Ropandi (2017) Microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation of palm kernel shell produced charcoal with high heating value and low gaseous emission. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142 (4). 2945 - 2949. ISSN 0959-6526; ESSN: 1879-1786 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652616318078 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.176 |
| spellingShingle | Abd Aziz, Suraini Kamal Bahrin, Ezyana Hassan, Mohd Ali Zainal, Nahrul Hayawin Abdul Aziz, Astimar Idris, Juferi Mamat, Ropandi Microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation of palm kernel shell produced charcoal with high heating value and low gaseous emission |
| title | Microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation of palm kernel shell produced charcoal with high heating value and low gaseous emission |
| title_full | Microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation of palm kernel shell produced charcoal with high heating value and low gaseous emission |
| title_fullStr | Microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation of palm kernel shell produced charcoal with high heating value and low gaseous emission |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation of palm kernel shell produced charcoal with high heating value and low gaseous emission |
| title_short | Microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation of palm kernel shell produced charcoal with high heating value and low gaseous emission |
| title_sort | microwave assisted pre carbonisation of palm kernel shell produced charcoal with high heating value and low gaseous emission |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62430/1/CHARCOAL.pdf |
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