Appraisal of sulphonation processes to synthesize palm waste biochar catalysts for the esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

Palm waste biochar (PWB) catalysts were synthesized as bio-based catalysts using different sulphonation methods. (NH4)2SO4, ClSO3H, and H2SO4 were applied to functionalize PWB and appraise the discrepancies between the sulfonic agents, as they affect the esterification reaction in terms of fatty aci...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Akinfalabi, Shehu-Ibrahim, Rashid, Umer, Yunus, Robiah, Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2019
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77866/1/77866.pdf