Efficacy and safety on non-opioid based versus opioid-based multimodal analygesia in patients undergoing elective laporoscopic cholecystectomy : a randomized controlled trial
Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in less postoperative pain and reduction in the need for analgesia compared to open cholecystectomy. However, some patients still experience moderate to severe pain for 24 hours postoperative. Non-opioid based multimodal analgesia is proven to be...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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2020
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/54382/1/Khuzaimah%20Khairuddin-24%20pages.pdf |