Role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammation

Abstract Vision disorders are one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting the quality of life of patients and eventually cause blindness. The ocular lesions in diabetes mellitus are located mainly in the blood vessels and retina layers. Different retina lesions could be...

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Main Authors: Aldo R. Eynard, Gaston Repossi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2019-05-01
Series:Lipids in Health and Disease
Subjects:
Online Access:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12944-019-1049-9
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author Aldo R. Eynard
Gaston Repossi
author_facet Aldo R. Eynard
Gaston Repossi
author_sort Aldo R. Eynard
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Vision disorders are one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting the quality of life of patients and eventually cause blindness. The ocular lesions in diabetes mellitus are located mainly in the blood vessels and retina layers. Different retina lesions could be grouped under the umbrella term of diabetic retinopathies (DMRP). We propose that one of the main causes in the etiopathogenesis of the DMRP consists of a progressive loss of the selective permeability of blood retinal barriers (BRB). The loss of selective permeability of blood retinal barriers will cause a progressive autoimmune process. Prolonged autoimmune injures in the retinal territory will triggers and maintains a low-grade chronic inflammation process, microvascular alterations, glial proliferation and subsequent fibrosis and worse, progressive apoptosis of the photoreceptor neurons. Patients with long-standing DM disturbances in retinal BRBs suffer of alterations in the enzymatic pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), increase release of free radicals and pro-inflammatory molecules and subsequently incremented levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. These facts can produce retinal edema and photoreceptor apoptosis. Experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidences showing that adequate metabolic and alimentary controls and constant practices of healthy life may avoid, retard or make less severe the appearance of DMRP. Considering the high demand for PUFAs ω3 by photoreceptor complexes of the retina, it seems advisable to take fish oil supplements (2 g per day). The cellular, subcellular and molecular basis of the propositions exposed above is developed in this article. Synthesizer drawings the most relevant findings of the ultrastructural pathology, as well as the main metabolic pathways of the PUFAs involved in balance and disbalanced conditions are provided.
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spelling doaj.art-98187597f9ca4e24a7ab3ac1201af3b52022-12-21T18:24:41ZengBMCLipids in Health and Disease1476-511X2019-05-0118111510.1186/s12944-019-1049-9Role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammationAldo R. Eynard0Gaston Repossi1Instituto de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba)Instituto de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba)Abstract Vision disorders are one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting the quality of life of patients and eventually cause blindness. The ocular lesions in diabetes mellitus are located mainly in the blood vessels and retina layers. Different retina lesions could be grouped under the umbrella term of diabetic retinopathies (DMRP). We propose that one of the main causes in the etiopathogenesis of the DMRP consists of a progressive loss of the selective permeability of blood retinal barriers (BRB). The loss of selective permeability of blood retinal barriers will cause a progressive autoimmune process. Prolonged autoimmune injures in the retinal territory will triggers and maintains a low-grade chronic inflammation process, microvascular alterations, glial proliferation and subsequent fibrosis and worse, progressive apoptosis of the photoreceptor neurons. Patients with long-standing DM disturbances in retinal BRBs suffer of alterations in the enzymatic pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), increase release of free radicals and pro-inflammatory molecules and subsequently incremented levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. These facts can produce retinal edema and photoreceptor apoptosis. Experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidences showing that adequate metabolic and alimentary controls and constant practices of healthy life may avoid, retard or make less severe the appearance of DMRP. Considering the high demand for PUFAs ω3 by photoreceptor complexes of the retina, it seems advisable to take fish oil supplements (2 g per day). The cellular, subcellular and molecular basis of the propositions exposed above is developed in this article. Synthesizer drawings the most relevant findings of the ultrastructural pathology, as well as the main metabolic pathways of the PUFAs involved in balance and disbalanced conditions are provided.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12944-019-1049-9Diabetic retinopathyInflammationAutoimmunityRod and conesPolyunsaturated fatty acidsElderly
spellingShingle Aldo R. Eynard
Gaston Repossi
Role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammation
Lipids in Health and Disease
Diabetic retinopathy
Inflammation
Autoimmunity
Rod and cones
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Elderly
title Role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammation
title_full Role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammation
title_fullStr Role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammation
title_full_unstemmed Role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammation
title_short Role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammation
title_sort role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage autoimmunity and chronic inflammation
topic Diabetic retinopathy
Inflammation
Autoimmunity
Rod and cones
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Elderly
url http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12944-019-1049-9
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AT gastonrepossi roleofō3polyunsaturatedfattyacidsindiabeticretinopathyamorphologicalandmetabolicallycrosstalkamongbloodretinabarriersdamageautoimmunityandchronicinflammation