Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: The New Frontier for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent symptoms associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and affects more than 80% of the population, with strong psychosocial and economic impacts. The main cause of IDD is a reduction in the proteoglycan content within the nucleus pulposus (NP...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/23/11222 |
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| author | Veronica Tilotta Gianluca Vadalà Luca Ambrosio Fabrizio Russo Claudia Cicione Giuseppina Di Giacomo Rocco Papalia Vincenzo Denaro |
| author_facet | Veronica Tilotta Gianluca Vadalà Luca Ambrosio Fabrizio Russo Claudia Cicione Giuseppina Di Giacomo Rocco Papalia Vincenzo Denaro |
| author_sort | Veronica Tilotta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent symptoms associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and affects more than 80% of the population, with strong psychosocial and economic impacts. The main cause of IDD is a reduction in the proteoglycan content within the nucleus pulposus (NP), eventually leading to the loss of disc hydration, microarchitecture, biochemical and mechanical properties. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has recently arisen as a promising therapy for IDD. According to numerous reports, MSCs mediate their regenerative and immunomodulatory effects mainly through paracrine mechanisms. Recent studies have suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) extracted from MSCs may be a promising alternative to cell therapy in regenerative medicine. EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, are secreted by almost all cell types and have a fundamental role in intercellular communication. Early results have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of MSCs-derived EVs for the treatment of IDD through the promotion of tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, reduction in apoptosis and modulation of the inflammatory response. The aim of this review is to focus on the biological properties, function, and regulatory properties of different signaling pathways of MSCs-derived exosomes, highlighting their potential applicability as an alternative cell-free therapy for IDD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:57:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d353ffcd0f884f2ca77cda9e1c89843e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:57:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d353ffcd0f884f2ca77cda9e1c89843e2023-11-23T02:04:32ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-11-0111231122210.3390/app112311222Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: The New Frontier for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc DegenerationVeronica Tilotta0Gianluca Vadalà1Luca Ambrosio2Fabrizio Russo3Claudia Cicione4Giuseppina Di Giacomo5Rocco Papalia6Vincenzo Denaro7Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus BioMedico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, ItalyLaboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus BioMedico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, ItalyLaboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus BioMedico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, ItalyLaboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus BioMedico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, ItalyLaboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus BioMedico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, ItalyLaboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus BioMedico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, ItalyLaboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus BioMedico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, ItalyLaboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus BioMedico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, ItalyLow back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent symptoms associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and affects more than 80% of the population, with strong psychosocial and economic impacts. The main cause of IDD is a reduction in the proteoglycan content within the nucleus pulposus (NP), eventually leading to the loss of disc hydration, microarchitecture, biochemical and mechanical properties. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has recently arisen as a promising therapy for IDD. According to numerous reports, MSCs mediate their regenerative and immunomodulatory effects mainly through paracrine mechanisms. Recent studies have suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) extracted from MSCs may be a promising alternative to cell therapy in regenerative medicine. EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, are secreted by almost all cell types and have a fundamental role in intercellular communication. Early results have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of MSCs-derived EVs for the treatment of IDD through the promotion of tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, reduction in apoptosis and modulation of the inflammatory response. The aim of this review is to focus on the biological properties, function, and regulatory properties of different signaling pathways of MSCs-derived exosomes, highlighting their potential applicability as an alternative cell-free therapy for IDD.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/23/11222extracellular vesiclesexosomesmesenchymal stem cellsmiRNAlow back painintervertebral disc degeneration |
| spellingShingle | Veronica Tilotta Gianluca Vadalà Luca Ambrosio Fabrizio Russo Claudia Cicione Giuseppina Di Giacomo Rocco Papalia Vincenzo Denaro Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: The New Frontier for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Applied Sciences extracellular vesicles exosomes mesenchymal stem cells miRNA low back pain intervertebral disc degeneration |
| title | Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: The New Frontier for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| title_full | Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: The New Frontier for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| title_fullStr | Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: The New Frontier for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: The New Frontier for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| title_short | Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: The New Frontier for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| title_sort | mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes the new frontier for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration |
| topic | extracellular vesicles exosomes mesenchymal stem cells miRNA low back pain intervertebral disc degeneration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/23/11222 |
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